. Radiography and radio-therapeutics . Fij;. 183. and axis, and the articulationbetween the former and theoccipital bone, it is necessaryto take the skiagram throughthe open mouth, as describedin detail above. The resultingjncture is necessarily small,but large enough to includethe parts desired. The position usually takenis the lateral one, ^\^th thehead rotated towards theplate. It is then possible toget a fairly good outhne ofthe seven cervical vertebraeand the adjacent portions ofthe base of the skull. Thebodies of the cervical vertebraeare readily shown, but to getaccurate outlines the he
. Radiography and radio-therapeutics . Fij;. 183. and axis, and the articulationbetween the former and theoccipital bone, it is necessaryto take the skiagram throughthe open mouth, as describedin detail above. The resultingjncture is necessarily small,but large enough to includethe parts desired. The position usually takenis the lateral one, ^\^th thehead rotated towards theplate. It is then possible toget a fairly good outhne ofthe seven cervical vertebraeand the adjacent portions ofthe base of the skull. Thebodies of the cervical vertebraeare readily shown, but to getaccurate outlines the head must not be moved to either -Radiogram showing presence of cervical rib onleft side. The Upper Extremity Normal focus point.—MKendrick, in a valuable paper pubhshed in the Archives of Radiology,^ defines a normal focus point, which may ^ Eadiography of the Normal Parts, by Archibald MKendrick, {Archives of Radiology and Electro-Therapy, January 1910). 214 RADIOGRAPHY be used for the joints of the extremities. It is given as 24 inches(60 centimetres) directly over the centre of the joint, with the centre ofthe joint in the middle of the plate. This is an extremely useful positionfor all joints, and should be adhered to whenever possible. The Examination of the Clavicle.—The clavicle requires to be con-sidered in its whole length. Either extremity will appear in radiographs ofthe shoulder and of the thorax. The external end has frequently to beexamined for displacements and injuries. The acromial end of the clavicleis seen in the several plates illustrating the shoulder-joint. Examination of the S
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