. Surgical and gynæcological nursing. peof the fluid part of the blood which distends the spaces in thetissues between the blood-vessels. The cells of the blood, redand white, particularly the leucocytes, also make their waythrough the capillary walls and wander free in the tissue inter- SURGICAL PATHOLOGY 69 spaces (Fig. 27). Later (this, however, is not readily visible inthe living tissue) the local connective-tissue cells have theirreproductive power stimulated, new ceils are produced and newcapillary blood-vessels are formed. These changes seen in the frogs mesentery under the micro-scope
. Surgical and gynæcological nursing. peof the fluid part of the blood which distends the spaces in thetissues between the blood-vessels. The cells of the blood, redand white, particularly the leucocytes, also make their waythrough the capillary walls and wander free in the tissue inter- SURGICAL PATHOLOGY 69 spaces (Fig. 27). Later (this, however, is not readily visible inthe living tissue) the local connective-tissue cells have theirreproductive power stimulated, new ceils are produced and newcapillary blood-vessels are formed. These changes seen in the frogs mesentery under the micro-scope readily explain the familiar phenomena of inflammation,with its cardinal signs of heat, redness, swelling and pain, asseen on the surface of our own bodies, for example in a redness of the skin and the local heat are due to the dilatationof the vessels and the consequent increased flow of blood to thepart, while the swelling and pain are due to the great distentionof the tissue interspaces with the inflammatory exudate. When. Fig. 27.—Emigration of leucocytes. The arrow shows direction of blood-current. (F. C. Wood, ) mechanical injury alone is present, uncomplicated by bacterialinvasion, the inflammatory reaction is relatively slight and underthese conditions identical with the first stages of the healingprocess, to be presently described, whereby repair of the injuredtissue is effected. When, however, septic bacteria have foundlodgement in the injured tissues the reaction becomes greatlyintensified; the amount of the exudate, both fluid and cellular,is largely increased, constitutional symptoms, including fever andother disturbances, appear, and the role of these adaptive changesbecomes extended beyond the mere repair of the injury to anactive defence against the action of the invading bacteria. The Healing Process.—The reaction by which injured tissuesare repaired and the loss of tissue restored is an adaptation of 70 THE FIELD OF SURGERY vital importance t
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