. The Iron and steel magazine. echanical devices for producing slag wool andfertilizers from blast-furnace slag. 19,053 of 1904. Basic Converter. — O. Massenez, Wiesbaden,Germany. Modification in the basic Bessemer process, whereby thesilicon is first eliminated and the slag poured off and afterward thephosphorus eliminated. 96 The Iron and Steel Magazine 9,110 of 1904. Open-Hearth Furnace. — B. Talbot, Leeds. Inopen-hearth furnaces, making several hearths one after the other so thatthe heat and oxides contained in the slag on the finished metal on onehearth is utilized for refining the metal


. The Iron and steel magazine. echanical devices for producing slag wool andfertilizers from blast-furnace slag. 19,053 of 1904. Basic Converter. — O. Massenez, Wiesbaden,Germany. Modification in the basic Bessemer process, whereby thesilicon is first eliminated and the slag poured off and afterward thephosphorus eliminated. 96 The Iron and Steel Magazine 9,110 of 1904. Open-Hearth Furnace. — B. Talbot, Leeds. Inopen-hearth furnaces, making several hearths one after the other so thatthe heat and oxides contained in the slag on the finished metal on onehearth is utilized for refining the metal in the next by causing it to boilover the separating bridge. 9,482 of 1904. Refining Iron. —J. B. Nau, New York, U. S. refining iron by the admixture of ores, methods for keeping the oresin thorough contact with the iron and not merely floating on top. 7,478 of 1904. Binder for Iron Ore Briquettes. — T. Rouse andH. Cohn, London. Use of alum and water glass as binding mixture formaking briquettes of fine iron PAUL LOUIS TOUSSAINT HEROULT SEE PAGE 165 The Iron and Steel Magazine Vol. X Je veux au mond publier dune plume de fer sur un papier dacier. August, 1905 No. 2 SOME CAUSES OF FAILURE OF RAILS IN SERVICE * ROBERT JOB, Chemist, Philadelphia & Reading Railway CpOR a number of years a careful study of causes of rail failures?- has been made by the Philadelphia & Reading Railway. The method followed hasbeen, in,the case of each fail-ure, to forward a portion ofthe rail showing the defectivecondition to the Test De-partment, with a form givinginformation regarding themanufacture and service ofthe rail. An investigationthen followed to determinethe cause of the failure. In a general way it maybe said that when failureoccurs owing [to fracture, ex-cessively^^ rapid rate of wearunder given conditions, orcrushing down in track, thepoor service is generally due to one or more of the followingcauses, viz.: (i) Pipes in the steel, (2) presence of a considerablepropor


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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectiron, bookyear1898