Atlas and epitome of traumatic fractures and dislocations . Fig. 4 b Lit!I. f Reich hold. Mii/irhen. FRACTURES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY. 321 Fractures of the Ankle (b and c) These fractures form a group which is of the greatestpractical importance. They are produced indirectly byforcible pronation or supination of the foot at the ankle-joint, or by sudden rotation (eversion or inversion). Wemay accordingly distinguish supination-, pronation-, andinversion- or eversion-fractures. For practical purposes,however, fractures of the ankle are divided into disloca-tion-fracture (Stromeyer)

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Atlas and epitome of traumatic fractures and dislocations . Fig. 4 b Lit!I. f Reich hold. Mii/irhen. FRACTURES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY. 321 Fractures of the Ankle (b and c) These fractures form a group which is of the greatestpractical importance. They are produced indirectly byforcible pronation or supination of the foot at the ankle-joint, or by sudden rotation (eversion or inversion). Wemay accordingly distinguish supination-, pronation-, andinversion- or eversion-fractures. For practical purposes,however, fractures of the ankle are divided into disloca-tion-fracture (Stromeyer) and sprain-fracture (v. Burck-harclt). The former are combined with simultaneous dis-location of the foot, the latter only with distortion of theankle-joint. These two groups have the following pointsin common : They are produced by indirect violence; theyare combined with a fracture of one or both bones of theleg at their lower extremity ; the ligamentary apparatus ofthe ankle-joint is involved, the injury ranging from simpledistortion to complete luxat

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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectfractur, bookyear1902