. The effects of inanition and malnutrition upon growth and structure. Starvation; Nutrition. EFFECTS ON THE SKELETON 149 As noted in the discussion of the etiology of rickets in Chapter V, the more recent work on experimental rickets has recognized a vitamin factor. Elliot, Crichton, and Orr ('22), however, produced rickets (with excess osteoid) in pigs on diets of oatmeal and bran, in spite of abundance of vitamins A, B and C, but preventable by the addition of calcium salts. Mellanby ('19, 21) has espe- cially emphasized the importance of vitamin A, or an allied antirachitic factor, though
. The effects of inanition and malnutrition upon growth and structure. Starvation; Nutrition. EFFECTS ON THE SKELETON 149 As noted in the discussion of the etiology of rickets in Chapter V, the more recent work on experimental rickets has recognized a vitamin factor. Elliot, Crichton, and Orr ('22), however, produced rickets (with excess osteoid) in pigs on diets of oatmeal and bran, in spite of abundance of vitamins A, B and C, but preventable by the addition of calcium salts. Mellanby ('19, 21) has espe- cially emphasized the importance of vitamin A, or an allied antirachitic factor, though recognizing also other factors. By various deficient diets, he has pro- duced in puppies skeletal lesions which appear in all respects essentially identical with thosejof human rickets. Similar success has been obtained with experi- mental rickets in rats by Korenchevsky ('21, '22, '22a), Sherman and Pappen-. pIG 24.—From a photograph of a portion of a section of the upper extremity of the tibia. Albino rat (McCl ) had been placed on a phosphorus-poor diet (white flour, 93 per cent; spinach, 1 per cent; NaCl, 2 per cent; lime, 2 per cent; yeast 2 per cent) for 1 month, beginning at 3 weeks of age, resulting in severe rickets. Final body weight, 31 grams. Compare with Fig. 53, and note the great hypertrophy of the epiphyseal cartilage (C), to the left of which is a thin black band, representing the remnant of calcified bone layer of the epiphysis, surrounded by a light band of uncalcified osteoid tissue. (The epiphyseal marrow cavity appears black.) To the right of the epiphyseal cartilage, the zone of enchondral ossification is replaced by a wide irregular zone (Z), representing the "metaphysis," composed of osteoid tissue, invading marrow, and remnants of cartilage. The calcified bony trabeculae (shown in Fig. 53) have nearly disappeared, but some remnants (T) are still visible. Around and between the slender calcified trabeculae are relatively wide bands of un
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