. Railroad construction : theory and practice : a textbook for the use of students in colleges and technical schools . Round grooved-tapered-flatbottom-shoulder tie plate ^ flat bottom tie plateClaw and shoulder tie plate Fig. 121.—Various Forms of Tie-plates. plate of equal thickness in the tie. It is also claimed that testshave shown that the force required to spread the rails whenthey are fastened with corrugated plates under the rails isfrom 36% to 100% greater than that required when a flattie-plate is used. It is especially important that the plateshall be so firmly imbedded in th
. Railroad construction : theory and practice : a textbook for the use of students in colleges and technical schools . Round grooved-tapered-flatbottom-shoulder tie plate ^ flat bottom tie plateClaw and shoulder tie plate Fig. 121.—Various Forms of Tie-plates. plate of equal thickness in the tie. It is also claimed that testshave shown that the force required to spread the rails whenthey are fastened with corrugated plates under the rails isfrom 36% to 100% greater than that required when a flattie-plate is used. It is especially important that the plateshall be so firmly imbedded in the tie that it cannot move orrock with each motion of the rail over it. Instances areknown where a treated tie has become unfit for service because § 245. RAIL-FASTENINGS. 279 the tie-plate has rocked back and forth until it has worn ahole in the tie. Rain-water filling this hole has leached outthe zinc chloride, and the tie has decayed at this point andbecome unserviceable, when the remainder of the tie showedno decay. The creeping of the rails over the ties is sometimesthe cause of failure of ties which have
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