. Botany for high schools. Botany. l88 GROWTH AXD WORK OF PLAXTS calyx, receptacle, etc., combined with it. The fruit may be formed of a single simple pistil or it may be formed of several simple pistils crowded together {ciggregak, or collective fruits), or there may be accessory parts of the flower which reinforce the fruit {accessory or reinforced fruits;. 309. The pericarp.—The wall of the ripened ovary is called the pericarp. It is the part of the fruit which envelops the seed, and may consist of the car- pels alone, or of the carpels and the adherent part of the receptacle, or calyx. In
. Botany for high schools. Botany. l88 GROWTH AXD WORK OF PLAXTS calyx, receptacle, etc., combined with it. The fruit may be formed of a single simple pistil or it may be formed of several simple pistils crowded together {ciggregak, or collective fruits), or there may be accessory parts of the flower which reinforce the fruit {accessory or reinforced fruits;. 309. The pericarp.—The wall of the ripened ovary is called the pericarp. It is the part of the fruit which envelops the seed, and may consist of the car- pels alone, or of the carpels and the adherent part of the receptacle, or calyx. In many fruits the pericarp shows a differentiation into layers, or zones of tissue, as in the cherr}^, peach, plum, etc. The outer, which is here soft and fleshy, is exocarp, while the inner, v/hich is hard, is the endocarp. An intermediate layer is some- times recognized and is called mesocarp. In such cases the skin of the fruit is recognized as the epicarp. often taken together as. Section of drupe, or stone fruit of peach, showing the fleshy exocarp, stony endocarp, and the "meat" or embryo within. Epicarp and mesocarp are more exocarp. 310. In general, fruits are dry or fleshy. Dr}- fruits may be grouped under i\\o heads. Those which open at maturity and scatter the seed are dehiscent. Those which do not open are indeJiiscent. II. IXDEHISCEXT FRUITS. 311. The akene.—The thin, dry wall of the ovary encloses the single seed. It usually does not open and free the seed within. Such a fruit is an akene. An akene is a small, dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit. All of the crowded but separate pistils in the. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Atkinson, George Francis, 1854-1918. New York, H. Holt and Company
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