. Canadian forestry journal. Forests and forestry -- Canada Periodicals. 1160 Canadian Forestry Journal, June, 1917. Turning the Tree to New Account By Dr. John S. Bates, Sup't, Forest Products Laboratories, Montreal. How Canada Depends on Forest Supplies to keep the National Machine Running. By far the most important and extensive utilization of wood consists in the manufacture of lumber and other products by mechanical pro- cesses, whereby the wood still retains its identity. Under the heading of wood used in the rough, firewood takes first place and in value accounts for about 30 per cent,
. Canadian forestry journal. Forests and forestry -- Canada Periodicals. 1160 Canadian Forestry Journal, June, 1917. Turning the Tree to New Account By Dr. John S. Bates, Sup't, Forest Products Laboratories, Montreal. How Canada Depends on Forest Supplies to keep the National Machine Running. By far the most important and extensive utilization of wood consists in the manufacture of lumber and other products by mechanical pro- cesses, whereby the wood still retains its identity. Under the heading of wood used in the rough, firewood takes first place and in value accounts for about 30 per cent, of the primary wood products. Air-dry wood has a calori- fic value rather more than half that of coal, pound for pound. The nor- mal annual consumption of railway cross-ties in Canada is about 20,000,- 000 with an average value of about 45 cents each. Half of these are used for renewals showing the trem- endous destruction which is mainly due to decay rather than mechanical wear. Only about 7 per cent, of the ties receive preservative treat- ment indicating the scope for exten- sion of modern wood preservation processes in the case of a number of the Canadian tree species. Treat- ment with creosote and other pre- servatives is practised very extensive- ly in the United States and especially in Europe with the result that the life of the tie is doubled in most cases. Making Track Ties In order of importance the Can- adian tie woods are jack pine, eastern cedar, Douglas fir, hemlock, tam- arack, western larch and small quanti- ties of other species. Hardwoods such as birch and maple are now com- ing into use, as creosote treatment successfully overcomes the low dura- bility of hardwoods, and the ties have the advantage of high mechanical strength. Large numbers of wooden fence posts are used throughout the country but there are no accurate figures. The fence post problem is particularly important in the Prairie Provinces where the per- ishable poplar and willow are the only local
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