. Elementary physics and chemistry: second stage. Science. 44 ELEMENTARY PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY. ^00'C \=^ J Boiling reached, at which temperature the water has a smaller size than at any other, or it is at its maximum density. From 4° C. onwards, the temperature and volume of the water increase together as the water is more and more heated, and this holds true until a temperature of 100° C. is reached, when the water is changed into steam as the water boils. When once the water has commenced to boil, no matter how vigorous the boiling, the temperature remains at 100° C, or, as it is called, th
. Elementary physics and chemistry: second stage. Science. 44 ELEMENTARY PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY. ^00'C \=^ J Boiling reached, at which temperature the water has a smaller size than at any other, or it is at its maximum density. From 4° C. onwards, the temperature and volume of the water increase together as the water is more and more heated, and this holds true until a temperature of 100° C. is reached, when the water is changed into steam as the water boils. When once the water has commenced to boil, no matter how vigorous the boiling, the temperature remains at 100° C, or, as it is called, the boiling point of water, so long as any water is left. Graphic representation of the changes of volume and tempera- ture accompanying changes of state of wrater.—These changes of volume and temperature are of such importance that you should endeavour to thoroughly understand them. It will help you to do so, and also to remember them more easily, if you repre- sent the observations graphically. One way of doing this is shown in Fig. 30. The changes in tempera- ture are marked on the left hand side of the diagram. The width of the shaded portions of the illustration represents the volume at the various temperatures. Be- ginning at the bottom of the figure, you are supposed to start with a lump of ice at ten degrees below zero centigrade (chat is, - 10° C), and to gradually warm it. Until the temperature reaches 0° C. the ice behaves like most other solids, and regularly expands as it is warmed. When the temperature of 0° C. is reached, though the heating goes on steadily, the tem- perature does not alter. The heat is used up in changing the ice into water, and the volume of the water as shown by the width of the shaded portion of the figure is less than that of the ice. When all the ice is changed into water the further addition of heat causes the increase of temperature up to 4° C, but as the width of the shaded part shows, the volunx; gets CC, -lO'C. Fig. 30.—Water
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