. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 293 Loose smut of oats [Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Jens.]. This exceedingly common and destructive disease is very well known on account of the enormous damage which it yearly causes tO' oat crops. In the United States alone, losses of many millions of dollars year- ly, by oat smut, have been re- corded. The application of Jen- sen's Hot Water Method and the formalin treatments have in recent years greatly de- creased the loss by this disease. When an oat plant is at- tacked, usually all of the heads, and all of the grains in e
. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 293 Loose smut of oats [Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Jens.]. This exceedingly common and destructive disease is very well known on account of the enormous damage which it yearly causes tO' oat crops. In the United States alone, losses of many millions of dollars year- ly, by oat smut, have been re- corded. The application of Jen- sen's Hot Water Method and the formalin treatments have in recent years greatly de- creased the loss by this disease. When an oat plant is at- tacked, usually all of the heads, and all of the grains in each head, become smutted. Very few if any grains escape in a smutted plant and those that do are always stunted. The stamens of the flowers as well as the ovaries are attacked by the fungus. The grain -is con- verted into a large sac with a very thin membrane complete- ly filled with the black spores of the fungus. The smut spores are blown about by the wind before harvest time and become attached to healthy grains or fall on the ground. In the following year when the oat grain has commenced to sprout, the fungus spores also germinate. A spore in o-ermination first forms a very short chain of cells, which bud off from their sides little secondary spores. These spores sometimes fuse in twos, thus probably gaining in strength by uniting forces. The spores either with or without fusion may continue to bud off other spores when placed in favora- ble nutritive conditions such as a culture medium. They. 1~IG. 145.—Loose smut of oats. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Freeman, Edward Monroe, 1875-. Saint Paul, Minn.
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectplantdi, bookyear1905
