Handbook to the ethnographical collections . s often rebellious. Buddhism acquired great influence in theeighth century, and the Lamas (members of the Buddhist monasticorders) rose to such power as to threaten the monarchy in thecentury following. The Chinese Emperors have always supportedthe monks, whose strength has varied with that of the Chinesedynasties. Koyal honours were first conferred upon a Lama byKublai Khan in 1252, and down to the seventeenth century theheads of various monasteries were thus honoured ; the supremacyof the Grand Lama at Lhasa dates from the middle of thatcentu
Handbook to the ethnographical collections . s often rebellious. Buddhism acquired great influence in theeighth century, and the Lamas (members of the Buddhist monasticorders) rose to such power as to threaten the monarchy in thecentury following. The Chinese Emperors have always supportedthe monks, whose strength has varied with that of the Chinesedynasties. Koyal honours were first conferred upon a Lama byKublai Khan in 1252, and down to the seventeenth century theheads of various monasteries were thus honoured ; the supremacyof the Grand Lama at Lhasa dates from the middle of thatcentury. Direct Chinese authority in Tibet only dates from E. F 66 ASIA A. D. 1720, and it was after this time that the state of the DalaiLama was exalted at the expense of tlie secular authority, untilthe government of the country became almost entirely first Eui-opean to enter Tibet is believed to have beenthe Minorite friar Odoricus. who passed through the countryin the first half of the fourteenth century on his way home over-. FiG. 52 —Bniss brooch, Avoin by women. Western Til)et, land from China. In 1G62 the Jesuit father Grueber andCount Dorville, a Belgian, remained there two months, on thewjiy from China to Nepal. In 1706 two Capuchins, and in1716 two Jesuits, came into Tibet from the west through Kashmirand Leh, one of the Jesuits, Desideri, remaining in Lhasa thirteenyears. About the same time a Capuchin mission was establishedwhich lasted till nearly the middle of the century. NORTHERN AND CENTRAL ASIA 67 In tlie early eighteenth century a Dutchman, Samuel van derPutte, visited Lhasa, while George Bogle and Lieut. Turner,emissaries of Warren Hastings, were in Western Tibet 1774 and 1783; in the first half of the nineteenth centuryan Englishman, Dr. Moorcroft, is said to have lived in Lhasafor many jears. There is some uncertainty about this visit;l)ut another Englishman named Manning entered Lhasa fromBhutan in 1811. remaining several mo
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