. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. 136 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. the rainy season the river had sapped the sand-bank that separated it from the sea, but the next incoming tide had thrown the sand back into the opening, and had heaped into it aud into the river's channel an enormous delta of new material that considerably narrowed the i-hannel and that the river must now re- move. At the next high tide the sea would be able to more than complete the repairs of the breach. The same phenomena were observed five hundred metres abov
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology; Zoology. 136 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. the rainy season the river had sapped the sand-bank that separated it from the sea, but the next incoming tide had thrown the sand back into the opening, and had heaped into it aud into the river's channel an enormous delta of new material that considerably narrowed the i-hannel and that the river must now re- move. At the next high tide the sea would be able to more than complete the repairs of the breach. The same phenomena were observed five hundred metres above the mouth of Rio da Cruz, the small stream next south of Abreu de Una. The breach on the Rio da Cruz was only about sixty metres wide. With these illustrations in mind let us turn to the case of Lagoa de Sinimbu in the State of Parahyba do Norte. Suppose a flood or any agency whatever should cause the waters from Lagoa Sinimbu to cut through the narrow sandy neck north of the village of Traiqao. It is evident that the waves would immediately, or as soon as this extraordinary agency ceased to be ac- tive, throw the beach sands into the breach and turn the drainage away to the south where it can join its forces to those of the Maman- guape River and get into the sea under the cover of the mangrove swamps, sand-bars, and stone reefs that there protect it from the ocean. One of the most impressive examples of the damming in of the coast lakes by the sea is that of the Rio Jacaresica a few kilometres north of the city of Maceio, State of Alagoas. That stream is shown upon the hydrographic chart as flowing into the sea, and doubtless at one time it did so, but when I passed along that beach in August, 1899, no such stream was flowing across it, and I was informed by residents that for fifteen or twenty j^ears the Jacaresica had been a rio tapado, or stream with its mouth closed. In this connection I am reminded that there are several small streams along the Brazilian coast known as
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