. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder. Oceanography Bering Feeding interactions with emphasis on the benthos 1237 YELLOWFIN SOLE LIMANDA ASPERA MOLGULA GOMPHINA FLUCTUOSA. SMALL BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES ANIMAL REMAINS DEPOSITED ORGANICS DETRITUS BACTERIA BENTHIC DIATOMS MEIOFAUNA SUSPENDED ORGANICS Figure 69-6. A food web showing carbon flow to yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) in the eastern Bering Sea. Bold lines indicate major food sources. species of bottom fishes in the Bering Sea are similar (see section on fishes in th
. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder. Oceanography Bering Feeding interactions with emphasis on the benthos 1237 YELLOWFIN SOLE LIMANDA ASPERA MOLGULA GOMPHINA FLUCTUOSA. SMALL BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES ANIMAL REMAINS DEPOSITED ORGANICS DETRITUS BACTERIA BENTHIC DIATOMS MEIOFAUNA SUSPENDED ORGANICS Figure 69-6. A food web showing carbon flow to yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) in the eastern Bering Sea. Bold lines indicate major food sources. species of bottom fishes in the Bering Sea are similar (see section on fishes in this chapter and Pereyra et al. 1976); thus, the size of sea-star populations must have an important bearing on the production of useful crabs and fishes. Sea stars and the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) probably also compete on occasion for bivalve resources in the Bering Sea (Fay et al. 1977). Sea stars are rarely preyed upon as adults, and are, moreover, generally long-lived organisms (see Feder and Christensen 1966). Thus, sea stars are generally considered as sinks whose carbon becomes available to the benthic system when they die. However, a considerable portion of sea-star carbon is, in fact, returned to the sea annually as gamete production (A. J. Paul and Feder, unpub.). For example, Hatanaka and Kosaka (1958) calculated that 20-30 percent of the weight of adult Asterias amurensis in Tokyo Bay is gonadal material which is extruded during spawning (also see Feder 1956 and 1970, for comments on the reproductive output of a north- temperate sea star, Pisaster ochraceus). Sea stars generally undergo distinct annual reproductive cycles, and typically shed their gametes into the surrounding water over short periods of time (Feder 1956, Boolootian 1966). Such pulses of high-energy organic material released during spawning of large. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloratio
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