Trees; a handbook of forest-botany for the woodlands and the laboratory . £ Lower surface of leaf glaucous, butdevoid of the silvery stomatal lines ;apex acute but not pungent. Shootsnot resinous. Taxus baccata, L. Yew (Fig. 122). Dark bushy Fig. 122. Yew, Taxus baccata, p. 315 (Wi) 316 YEW : SPRUCE, ETC. Leaves flat, linear or linear-falcate, solitary and scattered,persisting 3—4 years, the upper and lower on lateralbranches twisted into the horizontal plane; dark shininggreen above, pale beneath with prominent midrib, acute,2— 4 cm. x 1—2 mm. Petiole rather well marked. Dyingleaves ye


Trees; a handbook of forest-botany for the woodlands and the laboratory . £ Lower surface of leaf glaucous, butdevoid of the silvery stomatal lines ;apex acute but not pungent. Shootsnot resinous. Taxus baccata, L. Yew (Fig. 122). Dark bushy Fig. 122. Yew, Taxus baccata, p. 315 (Wi) 316 YEW : SPRUCE, ETC. Leaves flat, linear or linear-falcate, solitary and scattered,persisting 3—4 years, the upper and lower on lateralbranches twisted into the horizontal plane; dark shininggreen above, pale beneath with prominent midrib, acute,2— 4 cm. x 1—2 mm. Petiole rather well marked. Dyingleaves yellow. Stomata on the lower surface. Venationsimple. Vascular bundle undivided. §§ Leaves more acicular, and hardly ornot at all twisted into the pseudo-distichous position. Shoots resinous. jj Leaves quadrangular in section, andalmost equally disposed round theshoots, acute and pungent. Endo-dermis icell defined. Leaf-base pro-m inent. Picea excelsa, Link. Spruce (Fig. 123). Tall Fir,with pseudo-whorled branches, and distichous twigs,sweeping downwards and forwards. Leaves spirally dis-posed, solitary but crowded, persisting 5—7 years, twistedforwards, especially above, and with a slight tendency topseudo-distichy in 2—3 ranks b


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