Annals of the South African MuseumAnnale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . -prepared material examined while the author visited the South AfricanMuseum, Cape Town. This material included a skull and lower jaw ofL. declivis (Nat. Mus. C 403). ADDUCTOR JAW MUSCULATURE M. ADDUCTOR MANDIBULAE EXTERNUS The temporal region of Venjukoxia exhibits the posterodorsal enlargementof both the lateral temporal fenestra and temporal fossa which is characteristicof most therapsids as opposed to sphenacodontid pelycosaurs (cf. Figs 2A, C).In dorsal view (Fig. 1A) the temporal fossa is broadly exposed due to the

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Annals of the South African MuseumAnnale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . -prepared material examined while the author visited the South AfricanMuseum, Cape Town. This material included a skull and lower jaw ofL. declivis (Nat. Mus. C 403). ADDUCTOR JAW MUSCULATURE M. ADDUCTOR MANDIBULAE EXTERNUS The temporal region of Venjukoxia exhibits the posterodorsal enlargementof both the lateral temporal fenestra and temporal fossa which is characteristicof most therapsids as opposed to sphenacodontid pelycosaurs (cf. Figs 2A, C).In dorsal view (Fig. 1A) the temporal fossa is broadly exposed due to theextensive but as yet incomplete reduction in the width of the temporal degree of reduction is comparable to that seen in some dicynodonts (, Crompton & Hotton 1967, Fig. IB) but not as extensive as thatfound, for example, in Lystrosaurus (Fig. 3A). The presence of a temporalcrest (Fig. 1A, temp cr) in Venjukoxia provides direct evidence that the externaladductor took origin from the lateral face of that part of the postorbital forming A B inf mar.

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Keywords: ., bookauthorsouthafr, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookyear1898