. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. 1917 BETTER FRUIT Page i$ is manifested in the form of a severe splitting of the trunk, usually on the southwest side of the tree. Die-back, for the most part, is the result of mistreatment of the tree during summer and can be prevented by proper irrigation only. By irriga- tion is meant the maintaining of a uni- form moisture condition of the soil during the growing season of the tree. Each orchardist must determine the condition of the soil at intervals during the summer; different soils demand different treatment. This determina- tion can be made only by diggi
. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. 1917 BETTER FRUIT Page i$ is manifested in the form of a severe splitting of the trunk, usually on the southwest side of the tree. Die-back, for the most part, is the result of mistreatment of the tree during summer and can be prevented by proper irrigation only. By irriga- tion is meant the maintaining of a uni- form moisture condition of the soil during the growing season of the tree. Each orchardist must determine the condition of the soil at intervals during the summer; different soils demand different treatment. This determina- tion can be made only by digging to a depth of three or four feet with a shovel or by using the soil augur at rather close intervals (not to ex- ceed three weeks during the growing season.) The cause which produces a diseased tree suffering from die-back has not been completely proved from an exper- imental standpoint. Observations of all workers, however, seem to indicate that it is the burning off of the root hairs or root feeders. Root hairs are the tender watery rootlets—soft and extremely delicate—by whose aid the plant draws food and water from the soil. These root hairs are very sensi- tive to heat and drought and if the soil—even though it be for a few days only—is permitted to become thor- oughly dried out, these small rootlets are killed, resulting in a tree suffering from die-back the following spring. Increasing soil fertility and neglect- ing the proper irrigation of the trees will work havoc in our orchards unless more attention is given to the proper use of water. By increasing fertility the number of root feeders is increased. The tree responds to this stimulus, forming a vigorous top which requires much moisture to maintain in a normal condition. If this supply of root feed- ers is all wiped out at one time, the tree undergoes a tremendous shock and the SEASHORE VACATION LAND. Summer season fares to Clatsop Beach from all Northwest Points. Connections at Astoria for North Beach. Sen
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