. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. SO42 + 4 H2 --> H2S + 2 OH" SO42 + CH3COOH + H+ -> HS> 2 CO2 + 2 H2O 2 H2O t CH4 from vent fluid, and pyro- lysis of organic substrates Methanogenic archaea, here the hyperthermophile Methanopyrus kandleri C02 + 4 H2 --> CH4 + 2 H2O CO2 H2iacetate, from vent fluid and pyrolysis of organic compounds Figure 1. Simplified scheme of microorganisms and their reactions (sulfate reduction, methanogenesis, methane oxidation, sulfide oxidation) in the methane and sulfur cycles in the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vents.
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. SO42 + 4 H2 --> H2S + 2 OH" SO42 + CH3COOH + H+ -> HS> 2 CO2 + 2 H2O 2 H2O t CH4 from vent fluid, and pyro- lysis of organic substrates Methanogenic archaea, here the hyperthermophile Methanopyrus kandleri C02 + 4 H2 --> CH4 + 2 H2O CO2 H2iacetate, from vent fluid and pyrolysis of organic compounds Figure 1. Simplified scheme of microorganisms and their reactions (sulfate reduction, methanogenesis, methane oxidation, sulfide oxidation) in the methane and sulfur cycles in the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vents. Clockwise, sulfate-reducing bacteria and archaea (Archaeoglobus profimdiis), methanogenic archaea (Melh- niKipynis kandleri), methane-oxidizing consortia, and sultide-oxidizing bacteria (Beggiatoa Fluorescence in situ hybridization image of anaerobic methane-oxidizing consortium, courtesy K. Knittel and A. Boetius (Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology. Bremen, Germany). The bacterial and archaeal species shown here are representatives of metabolically and phylogenetically diversified functional classes of prokaryotes. It has to be noted that sulfate reduction and sulfate-dependent methane oxidation are almost certainly uncoupled in the Guaymas sediments. The highly diversified sulfate-reducing prokaryotic community can oxidize a wide range of substrates (H: and acetate are just the simplest examples), whereas methane-oxidizing syntrophs are most likely restricted to methane oxidation intermediates provided by their archaeal partners. (Teske et al., 2002). Moderately thermophilic or mesophilic fatty acid oxidizing sulfate reducers have been cultured from Guaymas (Rueter et 1994). Surveys with 16S rRNA detected predominantly members of the propionate- oxidizing, acetate-producing family Desulfobulbaceae (Teske et al., 2002) and members of the acetate-oxidizing family Desulfobacteriaceae (Dhillon et <//., 2002). A molec- ular survey based on dsrAB genes rev
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
