. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. 534 FRESH-WATER BIOLOGY 74 (71) Without papillae on tail of male and with single intestinal cecum. Hysterothylacium Ward and Magath. Anterior end with narrow lateral wings. Lips three, not prominent. Esophagus long, slender, with terminal bulb. Intestine with short simple cecum at anterior end, extending posteriad. Males with two equal spicules. Females unknown. Type species. Hysterothylacium brachyurum Ward and Magath. Male 32 mm. long; maximum width mm. Lateral ala one-quarter width of body. Esophagus mm. long, to ram. broad; bulb
. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. 534 FRESH-WATER BIOLOGY 74 (71) Without papillae on tail of male and with single intestinal cecum. Hysterothylacium Ward and Magath. Anterior end with narrow lateral wings. Lips three, not prominent. Esophagus long, slender, with terminal bulb. Intestine with short simple cecum at anterior end, extending posteriad. Males with two equal spicules. Females unknown. Type species. Hysterothylacium brachyurum Ward and Magath. Male 32 mm. long; maximum width mm. Lateral ala one-quarter width of body. Esophagus mm. long, to ram. broad; bulb with three teeth; cecum by mm. Spicules mm. long, mm. wide. Pyriform sperm vesicle prominent. In stomach of black bass; Lake St. Clair. 75 (7) Esophagus slender, non-muscular; lumen a capillary chitinous tube traversing a row of granular cells. Suborder Trichosyringata . 76 76 (77) Anus lacking; alimentary canal non-functional in adult. Adults free living. Family Mermithidae Braun 1883. These forms are only distantly related to aquatic biology as the adults occur free in soil, or less often on plants as the famous "; The early life is spent as a parasite in the body cavity of some insect or crustacean from which they occasionally escape into an apple or other peculiar environment. They are very slender, greatly elongated, threadworms in which the alimentary canal is transformed in the adult into a fat body. The eggs are spherical, with two peculiar stalked, tasselated appendages at the poles. The adults are fully considered in the chapter on Free- living Nematodes (consult page 503). The Mermithidae are often confused with Gordiacea to which they bear a certain superficial resemblance. The differences are discussed later (page S3S)- 77 (76) Alimentary canal complete and functional. Adults always para- sitic. Family Trichinellidae Stiles and Crane 1910. Esophagus formed by capillary tube traversing chain of cells. Anterior region of b
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