. The birds of the Republic of Panama. Birds. 356 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 4 had the iris light reddish brown; bill, tarsus, toes, and claws black. A female collected there that day was the same except for the iris, which was light mouse brown. At death, the reddish color of the iris changes within seconds to orange and then pale straw yellow (Olson, Proc. Wash. Biol. Soc, vol. 86, no. 34, 1973, p. 408). Measurements.—Males (10 from Panama and Colombia), wing (), tail (), culmen from base (), tarsus () mm. Females (10 f
. The birds of the Republic of Panama. Birds. 356 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 4 had the iris light reddish brown; bill, tarsus, toes, and claws black. A female collected there that day was the same except for the iris, which was light mouse brown. At death, the reddish color of the iris changes within seconds to orange and then pale straw yellow (Olson, Proc. Wash. Biol. Soc, vol. 86, no. 34, 1973, p. 408). Measurements.—Males (10 from Panama and Colombia), wing (), tail (), culmen from base (), tarsus () mm. Females (10 from Panama and Colombia), wing (), tail (), culmen from base (), tarsus () Figure 29.—Giant Cowbird, Vaquero Gigante, Scaphidura oryzivora, male. Resident. Uncommon but widespread in lowlands of both slopes, except in the drier areas; it is absent from the eastern side of the Azuero Peninsula, southern Code, and most of western Province of Panama. In July 1975 and March 1981, Ridgely {in lift.) found this species more numerous in the Tuira lowlands of Darien than anywhere else in Panama. In July they were in flocks of well over 100 birds; in March, the breeding season, the birds were more dispersed, but equally abundant. This species parasitizes oropendolas and the colonial caci- ques, so during their nesting season is found in the same areas; at other times it is dispersed over more open country, generally feeding and dis- playing on the ground. The Giant Cowbird is found from southern Mexico to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina. Peters (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Wetmore, Alexander, 1886-1978. Washington : Smithsonian Institution
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