. Botany for beginners : an introduction to Mrs. Lincoln's Lectures on botany : for the use of common schools and the younger pupils of higher schools and academies. Botany. 60 BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. j Ch. X, 238. The " fall of the leaf" may be referred to two causes-, the death of the leaf, and the vital action of the parts to which it is attached. If a whole tree is killed by lightning, or anv sudden cause, the leaves will adhere to the dead branches, be- cause the latter have not the energy to cast them off. 239. The richness and variety of colouring exhibited about the end of autu
. Botany for beginners : an introduction to Mrs. Lincoln's Lectures on botany : for the use of common schools and the younger pupils of higher schools and academies. Botany. 60 BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. j Ch. X, 238. The " fall of the leaf" may be referred to two causes-, the death of the leaf, and the vital action of the parts to which it is attached. If a whole tree is killed by lightning, or anv sudden cause, the leaves will adhere to the dead branches, be- cause the latter have not the energy to cast them off. 239. The richness and variety of colouring exhibited about the end of autumn, by American groves and forests, is splendid beyond the power of the painter to imitate. Yellow, red, and brown, are the most common colours of the dying leaf; but these colours vary from the brightest scarlet, and the deepest crimson, to different shades of yellow, from the deep orange to Jie pale straw colour. Appendages to Plants. 240. Plants have a set of organs called by the general name of appendages. These we shall now describe. Fig. 38. 241. Stipiiles are membranous or leafy scales, usually in pairs, at, or near the base of the leaf or petiole. They are various in their forms and situations, are found in most plants, but are sometimes wanting. In the garden violet, Viola tricolor, (Fig. 3S, a, a,) the stipules are of that form called lyrate pinnatifid, while the true leaf (6) is oblong and crenate. The most natural situation of the stipules is in pairs, one on each side of the base of the footstalk, as in the sweet pea ; some stipules fall off almost as soon as the leaves are expanded, but in general, they remain as long as the leaves. 242. Prickles, arise from the bark; they are sometimes straight, sometimes hooked, and sometimes forked. They are usually found upon the stem, as in the Rose ; but in some cases, they cover the petiole, as in the Raspberry ; in others, they are 238. To what may the fall of the leaf be referred 7 239. What is said of the appearance of A
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