A brief history of the nations and of their progress in civilization . f Apulia, Koger, the Great Count, d. 1101. d. 1085. I Kogei- (of Apulia, 112T; king, 1130), 1101-1154. WiUiam I. the Bad, 1154-1166, Constance {d. 1198), m. Emperor m. Margaret, daughter of Garcia IV. of Navarre. Henry VI. William II. the Good, 1166-1189,?/(. Joanna, daughter of Henry 11. of England. The Eeudal System. Origin of Feudalism. — It is a mistake to ascribe the originof feudalism to a partition of lands by the king of the con-quering Franks among his chief officers and followers, andtheir grants of land, on like
A brief history of the nations and of their progress in civilization . f Apulia, Koger, the Great Count, d. 1101. d. 1085. I Kogei- (of Apulia, 112T; king, 1130), 1101-1154. WiUiam I. the Bad, 1154-1166, Constance {d. 1198), m. Emperor m. Margaret, daughter of Garcia IV. of Navarre. Henry VI. William II. the Good, 1166-1189,?/(. Joanna, daughter of Henry 11. of England. The Eeudal System. Origin of Feudalism. — It is a mistake to ascribe the originof feudalism to a partition of lands by the king of the con-quering Franks among his chief officers and followers, andtheir grants of land, on like conditions, to those below growth of feudal relations was rather from beneath up-wards. The love of independence, and the weak control ofany central power, impelled poorer freemen to seek the pro-tection of the richer and stronger, binding themselves to rendera certain submission and services in return. The tie betweenthe lord and vassal was commonly a gift of land by the former,which at first was revocable, but tended to become a perma- FEUDAL SYSTEM 255. Act of Faith and Homage{Seal of a Knight of Aries) nent, hereditary holding. The vassal on his part went throughthe ceremony of homage, promising to be the man of thesuperior, to aid him in battle, to pay taxes, and to own hisjurisdiction. The term feud signi-fies the land which was thus without land entered into thefeudal relation, and transmitted it toheirs, the fees of office being the offi-cers pay. More and more this systemgrew to be the characteristic methodof living and of government in thedisorder that prevailed after the fallof Charlemagnes empire. The prin-ciple of heredity, in virtue of whichfeuds descended from father to son or to the next heir of theblood, gradually gained a firm footing. In times of dangerthere was a constant tendency in small proprietors whoseproperty was allodial — that is, owned by them absolutelyand not held of a superior — to place themselves under theprotectio
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