. Bulletin. Agriculture; Agriculture -- Arizona. no Bulletin 86 4-inch concrete jacket containing substantial horizontal reinforce- ment. After this experience the design of gate pits was changed and they were all built with the lowest section heavily reinforced. None of the reinforced pits gave any trouble. In the early summer of 1918 a great deal of trouble was had with a 20-inch pipe line when the water was put in the line. The failures were bv long longitudinal cracks running along the top and the. iVaST ^IDB ^OUTH 3lDB BAST ^IDB NOQ-TH ^IDB Fig. 20.—A cracked gate pit at Continental, caus
. Bulletin. Agriculture; Agriculture -- Arizona. no Bulletin 86 4-inch concrete jacket containing substantial horizontal reinforce- ment. After this experience the design of gate pits was changed and they were all built with the lowest section heavily reinforced. None of the reinforced pits gave any trouble. In the early summer of 1918 a great deal of trouble was had with a 20-inch pipe line when the water was put in the line. The failures were bv long longitudinal cracks running along the top and the. iVaST ^IDB ^OUTH 3lDB BAST ^IDB NOQ-TH ^IDB Fig. 20.—A cracked gate pit at Continental, caused by expansion of pipe line. bottom of the line. In the first break twenty-two lengths of pipe were cracked both top and bottom. In this case the break occurred at a bend in the line about midway between two gate pits, both of which had been reinforced. The bend was the point of greatest weakness, and a heavy longitudinal shear must have been developed in the pipe. The line was under only three pounds internal pressure and the fractured pipe was found to be dense and hard. Fig. 21 is a picture of the second break. Each time, as soon as a break was repaired and the water was turned into the line another similar break occurred. The breaks were confined wholly to the 20-inch pipe, though one pipe line telescoped where a 14-inch pipe joined a 16-inch. The 20-inch pipe was made in the summer of 1917 and was stacked in the open air where it became bone-dry. The pipe was laid early in 1918, but no water was turned into it until April. When it seemed apparent that the 20-inch pipe were failing from longitudinal compression, the line was broken open at intervals and expansion joints were put in. In some cases where the line was not under pressure the expansion joint was made by leaving about an inch between two pipe and wrapping a band of tar roofing paper around the line, fastening it with wire. Where the line was under some pressure the expansion joint was made with asphalt. A thim
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Keywords: ., bookauth, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectagriculture
