. Karakoram and western Himalaya 1909, an account of the expedition of H. R. H. Prince Luigi Amadeo of Savoy, duke of the Abruzzi. H OF PATH BETWEEX KARMAXli AND TOLTI. Iau at a far higher level than at present; or rather, they point to anuplifting of the whole region, while the river went on cutting its valleyby erosion and maintaining more or less the same level throughout. The various levels of the alluvial deposits along the cliffs show thatthe upheaval was not continuous, uninterrupted and regular. Oestreich Tn. Thomson, Journey to the Karakoram Pux-t. Jour. lioy. (leog. Sac. 19, 1849, p.
. Karakoram and western Himalaya 1909, an account of the expedition of H. R. H. Prince Luigi Amadeo of Savoy, duke of the Abruzzi. H OF PATH BETWEEX KARMAXli AND TOLTI. Iau at a far higher level than at present; or rather, they point to anuplifting of the whole region, while the river went on cutting its valleyby erosion and maintaining more or less the same level throughout. The various levels of the alluvial deposits along the cliffs show thatthe upheaval was not continuous, uninterrupted and regular. Oestreich Tn. Thomson, Journey to the Karakoram Pux-t. Jour. lioy. (leog. Sac. 19, 1849, p. 25 ;ScHLAGiNTWEiT, Joiir. Asiut. Sor. of Bengal 26, 1857 (cited by Burraixl). 96 Chapter \ll. holds tliat the whole valley between Dras and Skardu was first cutthrough, then filled up with detritus to about 600 feet above the presentlevel, and then once more dug out.^ According to him the presentvalley would be a recent formation, and the river would be still activelycutting its way. However this may be, the immense geological forceshave made of the upper Indus one of the longest and wildest valleyson the face of the THE INDUS ABOVE KARMANO. At first sight the huge sedimentary deposits, often divided intostrata, seem to indicate that the valley was once filled with a series oflake basins. Sir A. Cunningham and Sir Martin Conway are of opinionthat such gigantic sedimentary formations can be explained in no otherway. Thomson had, however, already noted that this simple theorywould explain neither the extraordinary extension of the sediments—which are to be found with unvarying characteristics throughout thewhole of the Indus valley—nor their immense thickness at various points, (Godwin Austen also mentions this succession of phenomena. See Qeog. Jour. 26, 1905, p. 245. The Indus Vallev. 97 nor their frequent appearance at the mouth of tributary valleys,where they often take the form of deltas. Drew beUeves the originof the deposits to be fluvial, and very ing
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