Archive image from page 302 of The anatomy, physiology, morphology and. The anatomy, physiology, morphology and development of the blow-fly (Calliphora erythrocephala.) A study in the comparative anatomy and morphology of insects; with plates and illustrations executed directly from the drawings of the author; CUbiodiversity4765349-9875 Year: 1890 ( A UDITOR Y AND SOUND-PRODUCING MECHANISMS. 599 b. Tympanic Organs. The terms tympana and mirrors have been applied to certain more or less transparent tense membranes, protected by over-lapping plates, or situated at the inner extremity of a short
Archive image from page 302 of The anatomy, physiology, morphology and. The anatomy, physiology, morphology and development of the blow-fly (Calliphora erythrocephala.) A study in the comparative anatomy and morphology of insects; with plates and illustrations executed directly from the drawings of the author; CUbiodiversity4765349-9875 Year: 1890 ( A UDITOR Y AND SOUND-PRODUCING MECHANISMS. 599 b. Tympanic Organs. The terms tympana and mirrors have been applied to certain more or less transparent tense membranes, protected by over-lapping plates, or situated at the inner extremity of a short tubular depression of the integument, or upon the ex- posed surface of one of the elytra. Such are (i) the tympanic ear-like organs of certain Orthoptera (Acridida), which were fully described by Siebold [278]; (2) the sound-intensifying mirrors of the Locustidae ; and (3) the so-called tymbals and mirrors of the Cicada. The Tympana of the Orthoptera are thin, round or oval membranes. One half of the tympanum is usually thicker and darker than the other, and a small sclerite projects Fig. 75.—Diagrammatic representations of the ear-like organs of the Orthoptera, copied from Graber's paper [286]- A. The ear-lilvc organ from the first abdominal segment of an Acridium : »i, Miillerian organ, on the inner surface of the tympanic membrane ; «, nerve fibre ; s, spiracular opening ; /r, subtynipanic tracheal sac. B. A section of the anterior til>ia of a ; a tr, anterior, and/ tr, pos- terior, subtympanic tracheal sac ; r;-, crista of the organ of Siebold ; st, supra- tympanic oigan, or organ of Graber. inwards from its border, and has a resemblance at least to the auditory ossicles of a Vertebrate. This sclerite is some- times connected with a tensor muscle. Beneath the tympanic membrane there is always a large tracheal sac connected with the exterior by a spiracle of peculiar construction. There is always a special nerve end organ, and sometimes
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