C. difficile bacterium, illustration. Formerly known as Clostridium difficile, it was renamed in 2016 as Clostridioides difficile. A rod-shaped bacter

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C. difficile bacterium, illustration. Formerly known as Clostridium difficile, it was renamed in 2016 as Clostridioides difficile. A rod-shaped bacterium, it causes pseudomembranous colitis, one of the most common hospital-acquired infections, and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Infection can be fatal. Treatment is with antibiotic drugs, although this bacterium has become increasingly resistant to these. Several filamentous structures called fimbriae or pili are shown. This bacterium produces several toxins, including enterotoxin A and cytotoxin B, and is resistant to fluoroquinolone antibiotics.

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Photo credit: © CARLOS CLARIVAN/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Alamy / Afripics
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