. Electronic navigational aids; loran, radiobeacon, and radarbeacon systems and loran, radio-direction-finder, and radar ship equipment. Loran; Radar. 22 OCEAN ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL AIDS the system of lights, buoys, and other navigational aids, the maintenance of which is a principal function of the Coast Guard. Radio-beacons add greatly to the completeness of aids to navigation systems and fill an important gap in previously available facilities. The United States maintains far more radiobeacons than any other one country. Because of the many factors affecting navigation it is somewhat diff


. Electronic navigational aids; loran, radiobeacon, and radarbeacon systems and loran, radio-direction-finder, and radar ship equipment. Loran; Radar. 22 OCEAN ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL AIDS the system of lights, buoys, and other navigational aids, the maintenance of which is a principal function of the Coast Guard. Radio-beacons add greatly to the completeness of aids to navigation systems and fill an important gap in previously available facilities. The United States maintains far more radiobeacons than any other one country. Because of the many factors affecting navigation it is somewhat difficult, from an analysis of statistics, to show the effect of radiobeacon navigation in the way of increasing safety, but the following figures are of interest. On the Great Lakes the benefits from radiobeacons were remarkably effective during 1927-30. In this 4-year period there were 31 strandings in a group of 470 vessels, or 1 for each 15 vessels. For the years 1923-26, before the advent of radiobeacons, there were 76 strandings in a comparable group of 572 vessels, or 1 stranding for each vessels. Shipping interests state that the influence of radiobeacon navigation was an important factor in the reduction thus shown. Further developments in equipment and in methods of use for radiobeacons are always under consideration for the improvement and development of the radiobeacon system. RADIOBEACON NAVIGATION Radiobeacons are radio stations installed at lighthouses, on lightships, or at other points shown on the charts, for the sending out in all directions of radio signals, for the purpose of guiding marine navigation. Radio direction finders are special radio receivers with rotating coil antennas capable of receiving radio signals. RADIOBEACON STATIONS. PANAMA PUERTO RICO Figure 2-2.—The Marine Radiobeacon System of the United States, 1949. When first introduced, these installations were called radio fog signals or wireless fog signals because they were originally planned


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