. A thousand years of Russian history. e tools of. To quoteProfessor Milyukov : Then,for the first time, the bound-ary hne was drawn betweenthe defenders of the back-ward and of the forwardmovement in Russia. TheGovernment was with the former : the Liberals were (The professional armed men of Muscovy, a bodyii • J i-U U disbanded by Peter the Great. From Herberiteins garnering arOUna tne banner Herum MoscoviUcarum CommentarH, 1549.) of opposition. From that moment the nationahstic theory received a governmentaland reactionary meaning which it has preserved to thepresent time. . The Empress had
. A thousand years of Russian history. e tools of. To quoteProfessor Milyukov : Then,for the first time, the bound-ary hne was drawn betweenthe defenders of the back-ward and of the forwardmovement in Russia. TheGovernment was with the former : the Liberals were (The professional armed men of Muscovy, a bodyii • J i-U U disbanded by Peter the Great. From Herberiteins garnering arOUna tne banner Herum MoscoviUcarum CommentarH, 1549.) of opposition. From that moment the nationahstic theory received a governmentaland reactionary meaning which it has preserved to thepresent time. . The Empress had some difficulty in finding a basis for hernationalistic theory ; for the great idea at the moment wasthat of humanity, of the unity of all mankind ; while thenationalistic theory, on the other hand, required pecuHarityand differentiation. Catherine tried to solve the difficulty ina simple but drastic manner. AH that was bad in Russia,she contended, was of foreign origin ; all that was good andlovable was of genuine Slav One of the Strkltzi. 270 A THOUSAND YEARS OF RUSSIAN HISTORY She found a supporter in the historian Bolteen, who,although starting from a different standpoint, arrived at thesame conclusion. He proved that Russians were differentfrom other people, and that this was due to the outwardconditions of historical growth, and also to the cHmate. It was not, however, in the eighteenth century that asatisfactory nationalistic theory was formulated. The nextstage was passed through in the first quarter of the nine-teenth centurj, when Russian thinkers, like those of therest of Europe, were carried away by the wave of romanti-cism. According to the new creed, a nation was no longerconsidered a sum of individual units, entirely equal toone another and bound together by a formal or tacit act of social compact, but an organised whole, as a unit, actingon a kind of collective impulse. Philosophical reasoningled to the deduction that there was a law underMng theevol
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