Diagnostic methods, chemical, bacteriological and microscopical, a text-book for students and practitioners . tes and are then covered with the stain (polychromemethylene blue) for three to five seconds, when the excess is drained oflf. Thespecimens are then slowly introduced into clean water with the film sides the slide in this position for four to five seconds and then shake in the ^ See Sidwell and Smith, III. Med. Jour., 1914, XXVI, 418. THE BLOOD. 581 water to remove the excess of the dye. The spirochaete appear of a violetcolor. This violet tint may be changed to a bluish-blac
Diagnostic methods, chemical, bacteriological and microscopical, a text-book for students and practitioners . tes and are then covered with the stain (polychromemethylene blue) for three to five seconds, when the excess is drained oflf. Thespecimens are then slowly introduced into clean water with the film sides the slide in this position for four to five seconds and then shake in the ^ See Sidwell and Smith, III. Med. Jour., 1914, XXVI, 418. THE BLOOD. 581 water to remove the excess of the dye. The spirochaete appear of a violetcolor. This violet tint may be changed to a bluish-black by covering thespecimen with Grams iodin solution for 15 to 20 seconds, after which it iswashed and dried as usual and the examination made with the immersionlens. The writer has also found the use of the Giemsa stain very reliable,especially when the staining is continued for 18 hours (see Exudates). Otherstains, such as that of Levaditi, have been advocated, but they do not seem togive any better results and are more complicated. For staining the spirochaetein tissues the Levaditi stain is Fig. 149.—Ultra-condenser of Reichert. The examination of the blood is very often disappointing, owing to the factthat few spirochaete may be present in the specimen. Better results are obtainedby examination of specimens from a curettage which has been carried sufficientlyfar to allow serum to appear. This serous fluid is then spread upon slidesand treated in the usual manner (see Exudates). Cultivation of Treponema Pallidum. As previously stated, the causative factor of syphilis has been definitelysettled only by fulfilling Kochs postulates regarding pure cultures and theproduction of the disease by means of these pure cultures. Schereschewsky,^Miihlens- and Hoffmann^ were able to cultivate the pallidum but were unable toreproduce syphilitic lesions by means of their cultures. Bruckner and Galasesco^and Sowada^ reported the successful reproduction of the lesions by injecti
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