. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. Fig. 114.—Distribution of Chrysops aestuans in Illinois and North America. Columbia and Oregon (Fig. 114). In Illinois this species is found in various parts of the northern two-thirds of the state, particularly in Lake County (Fig. 114). Previously, this species had been synonymized with C. carbonarius. The less intensely infuscated and less exten- sive crossband with an irregular outer margin and the less clear-cut hyaline area at the base of the fifth posterior cell separate most specimens of C. ater from C. carbonarius. The triple-tiered egg ma


. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. Fig. 114.—Distribution of Chrysops aestuans in Illinois and North America. Columbia and Oregon (Fig. 114). In Illinois this species is found in various parts of the northern two-thirds of the state, particularly in Lake County (Fig. 114). Previously, this species had been synonymized with C. carbonarius. The less intensely infuscated and less exten- sive crossband with an irregular outer margin and the less clear-cut hyaline area at the base of the fifth posterior cell separate most specimens of C. ater from C. carbonarius. The triple-tiered egg mass is de- posited on tree leaves or other vegeta- tion overhanging ponds or portions of streams where the water is barely in motion. The larvae (Fig. 88) are found in mud and organic matter along streams (Pechuman 1972; Teskey 1969). In Illinois adults appear in early June and have been collected until early July. C. ater is a widespread species, extending from Virginia to Newfound- land and west to Alberta and Utah, with a disjunct population in Alaska (Fig. 115). It is conceivable that this species extends from Alberta to Alaska. In Illinois this species is known only from three northern records. Illinois Records.—Ogle County, 1 mile N Polo; Stephenson County, 2 miles S Orangeville; Winnebago County, 4 miles NW Durand. Chrysops ater Macquart Chrysops ater Macquart (1850:344). Type- locality: Newfoundland. Chrysops carbonarius nubiapex Philip (1955:92). Type-locality: New York, Little Valley. Chrysops fugax Osten Sacken (1875: 375). Type-locality: Maine, Norway (lectotype). Moderate size (8 mm); black; abdo- men entirely black; no apical spot but occasionally a trace of infuscation in apical area; hyaline spot covers apical third of wing (Fig. 40); crossband cov- ers discal cell, often not reaching hind margin of wing, outer margin usually irregular; both basal cells more than half infuscated; fifth posterior cell with distinct to vague hyaline area at base. Male with both


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