. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. BULLETIN OF THE *0hkj eEPMIMOFAffldni« No. 17. WlmK Contribution from the Bureau of Chemistry, Carl L. Alsberg, Chief. 5 November 5, 1913. THE REFRIGERATION OF DRESSED POULTRY IN TRANSIT. By M. E. Pennington, Chief, Food Research Laboratory, and A. D. Greenlee, Assistant Chemist; H. C. Pierce, E. Witmer, H. A. McAleer, and M. K. Jenkins, in the field; J. S. Hepburn, M. 0. Stafford, H. C. Robertson, and E. L. Con- nolly, in the laboratory. HISTORICAL SKETCH. Considering the great commercial importance of the transportat
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. BULLETIN OF THE *0hkj eEPMIMOFAffldni« No. 17. WlmK Contribution from the Bureau of Chemistry, Carl L. Alsberg, Chief. 5 November 5, 1913. THE REFRIGERATION OF DRESSED POULTRY IN TRANSIT. By M. E. Pennington, Chief, Food Research Laboratory, and A. D. Greenlee, Assistant Chemist; H. C. Pierce, E. Witmer, H. A. McAleer, and M. K. Jenkins, in the field; J. S. Hepburn, M. 0. Stafford, H. C. Robertson, and E. L. Con- nolly, in the laboratory. HISTORICAL SKETCH. Considering the great commercial importance of the transportation of perishable products under refrigeration, very little systematic work has been done on the subject. The Transactions of the First International Congress of Refrigeration, held in Paris in 1908, have brought together a mass of diverse information which has been supplemented by the reports presented at the Second Congress of Refrigeration, at Vienna, in 1910. Yet the underlying principles of successful transportation under refrigeration, namely, the tempera- tures obtainable and their exact effect on the condition of the produce when it reaches the market, is but scantily treated. The very excellent report of J. M. Culp before the International Railway Congress, at Berne, Switzerland, in 1910, gives the history of refriger- ated carriers in the United States, and much of technical and general interest as well. Horr * has presented some general facts regarding the transportation of poultry, butter, and eggs from the viewpoint of the dairy freight agent, but he gives nothing specific concerning car construction, temperatures maintained, or the effect of the haul on the condition of the goods. The most definite information on this subject is given in the report by Powell and his associates 2 on the transportation of citrus fruits. This investigation shows that it requires several days for the iced refrigerator car to remove the heat from the load of wrapped, boxed oranges, an
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