A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . reat monarchy of the East was brokenup into smaller independent kingdoms by a process similar to thatwhich at the very same time was destroying the Carolingian empirein the West. In the far East the Tahirids, descendants of Mamunsvaliant general Taliir, founded a kingdom of which Khorasan formedthe centre. In Egypt the family of tlie Turkish upstart Achmetibn-Tulun (Platk XH.), tlie Tulunides, obtained the power, andushered in a short period of renewed jjiospurily ; but tu\\ard the end 196 THE BYZANTINE EM
A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . reat monarchy of the East was brokenup into smaller independent kingdoms by a process similar to thatwhich at the very same time was destroying the Carolingian empirein the West. In the far East the Tahirids, descendants of Mamunsvaliant general Taliir, founded a kingdom of which Khorasan formedthe centre. In Egypt the family of tlie Turkish upstart Achmetibn-Tulun (Platk XH.), tlie Tulunides, obtained the power, andushered in a short period of renewed jjiospurily ; but tu\\ard the end 196 THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE - THE CHURCH—ISLAM. of the ninth century they were conquered by the army of the CalifMuktasi. The feuds which resulted from tliis condition of thingswere embittered in many cases by the rise of religious enthusiasts,and of fanatical sects founded by them. As Islam grew more andmore disunited, these sects became more numerous, and were in-volved in ever-increasing confusion. CHAPTEE VIII. A SURVEY OF THE CAROLTXOTAN AGE WITH REFERENCE TOITS PLACE IN THE HISTORY OF OUR groups may bedistinguished, if wetake a general surveyof the whole develop-ment of civilizationin its different depart-ments during the Car-olingian age, two ofwhich, adjoining oneanother in space, andalso inwardly con-nected, can be op-posed to the othertwo in such mannerthat their alternateeffects on each otherdetermine the lines which/ the course of the worlds civilization was to Southeast and the North-west are widely separated fromeach other, like an old world and a newone, as it were. In the Byzantine civili-zation, which together th that of theArabs filled the southeast, the survivingculture of the Greeks was mingled withRoman and Slavic elements, and a strongunderlying stratum of Christianity, intoInitial from a Bible written one motley whole. By the side of this existed the splen- \l for Charles the Bald about themiddle of ninth century. Paris,National Library. (From Bastar
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