. Electric railway gazette . Bierce Co., Paylon, Ohio. November, i8go THE STREET RAILWAY GAZETTE. 209 against open heaters. Briefly stated the follow-ing advantages are claimed: 1. Large heating and filtering capacity, andalso depositing surfaces for receiving the limeand other impurities. 2. Better facilities for quickly and thoroughlycleaning the heater. 3. Effectual devices for separating and catch-ing the cylinder oil contained in the exhauststeam. 4. Automatic regulation of the inflow of coldwater thus insuring an even and steady feed. Underground Conduit Work.* BY FRED DEGENHARDT. To Cha
. Electric railway gazette . Bierce Co., Paylon, Ohio. November, i8go THE STREET RAILWAY GAZETTE. 209 against open heaters. Briefly stated the follow-ing advantages are claimed: 1. Large heating and filtering capacity, andalso depositing surfaces for receiving the limeand other impurities. 2. Better facilities for quickly and thoroughlycleaning the heater. 3. Effectual devices for separating and catch-ing the cylinder oil contained in the exhauststeam. 4. Automatic regulation of the inflow of coldwater thus insuring an even and steady feed. Underground Conduit Work.* BY FRED DEGENHARDT. To Charles Augustin Coulomb no doubt be-longed the honor of discovery of that mostessential necessity of modern electricity, insula-tion. He it was, during the latter part of thelast century, who developed the fact that themomentary dissipation of electricity was propor-tioned to the degree of electrification at the time,and that when the charge was moderate, its dissi-pation was not altered in bodies of differentkinds or WfMrefM cLccri Fig. I. The temperature and pressure of the atmos-phere did not produce any sensible change, buthe concluded that the dissipation was nearly pro-portional to the cube of the quantity of moisturein the air. In examining the dissipation which takes placealong imperfectly insulated substances, he foundthat a thread of gumlac was the most perfect ofall insulators, as it insulated ten times as well asa dry silk thread, and that a silk thread coveredwith fine sealing-wax insulated as powerfully asgumlac, when it had four times its length. Hefound that the dissipation of electricity along in-sulators was chiefly owing to adhering moisture,but in some measure also to a slight conductingpower. History as far as the writer knows, is silent asto the first attempts at insulating wires commer-cially, for electrical purposes, but as these re-marks apply entirely to underground construc-tion, we will refer only to the earlier efforts in
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