. Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology. Biology. 392 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Suprarenal body Cortex Medulla z--^=i^Pvra m ids closely wrapped in a thin coat of connective tissue; this is called the capsule. Remove the kidney from this capsule. Notice its color and shape. The depression called the hilum is deeper than the corresponding region in the kidney bean. The hollow tube passing out from this region is called the ureter. Blood vessels also enter and leave the kidney at the hilum. Cut the kidney lengthwise into halves. Try to find the follo
. Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology. Biology. 392 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Suprarenal body Cortex Medulla z--^=i^Pvra m ids closely wrapped in a thin coat of connective tissue; this is called the capsule. Remove the kidney from this capsule. Notice its color and shape. The depression called the hilum is deeper than the corresponding region in the kidney bean. The hollow tube passing out from this region is called the ureter. Blood vessels also enter and leave the kidney at the hilum. Cut the kidney lengthwise into halves. Try to find the following regions: (1) The outer or cortical region; note its color; (2) The inner or medul- lary layer; this layer is provided with little projections; these are the pyramids of Malpighi, so called after their dis- coverer, Marcello Malpighi, a celebrated Italian physiologist; (3) the cavity or pelvis of the kidney. At the summit of each pyramid is a small opening through which escapes into the pelvis the secretion formed in the little tubules which make up the substance of the kidney. Draw a sheep's kidney, cut lengthwise, showing all the above -Ureter Longitudinal section of kidney. a The Human Kidney.—The description given above will apply almost exactly to the kidney of man except for the size. The human kidney is about four inches long, two and one half inches wide, and one inch in thickness. Its color is dark red. If you examine the structure of the medulla and cortex (see above) under the compound microscope, you will find these regions to be com- posed of a vast number of tiny branched and twisted tubules. The outer end of these tubules open into the pelvis; the inner end, in the cortex, forms a tiny closed sac. In each sac, the outer wall of the tube has grown inward and car- ried with it a very tiny artery. This artery breaks up into a mass of capil- laries. These capillaries, in turn, unite to 'form a small vein as they leave the little sac. Each of these sacs
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