. General physiology; an outline of the science of life. 154 GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY trypsin in an alkaline solution, so also the insoluble carbohydrates, such as starch, are changed into soluble forms both in intracellular and extracellular digestion by the action of certain enzymes. As has been seen, starch is a polysaccharid, which represents a com- bination of several sugar molecules in the anhydride form. By the action of the enzyme, , the ptyalin of the saliva and the pancre-. FlG. 52.—Carchesiuni polypinum, scheme of the path taken by the ingested food in digestion and expulsion of the e
. General physiology; an outline of the science of life. 154 GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY trypsin in an alkaline solution, so also the insoluble carbohydrates, such as starch, are changed into soluble forms both in intracellular and extracellular digestion by the action of certain enzymes. As has been seen, starch is a polysaccharid, which represents a com- bination of several sugar molecules in the anhydride form. By the action of the enzyme, , the ptyalin of the saliva and the pancre-. FlG. 52.—Carchesiuni polypinum, scheme of the path taken by the ingested food in digestion and expulsion of the excreta. The food enters through the pharynx and is transported downward (small circles), where it is stored in the concavity of the saiisage-shaped nucleus (the latter is recognised by its containing darker bodies). It remains here for some time at rest (small crosses). Then it passes upward upon the other side (dots) and returns to the middle of the cell, where it undergoes dissolution. The excreta are removed to the outside, through the opening of the cell-mouth. The black line with arrows indicates the direction of the path. (After Greenwood.) atic juice in animals or the diastase in plants, the polymeric starch molecule is split up through hydrolysis into simple sugar molecules, maltose and dextrose, which are soluble in water. In the intracellular digestion of Infusoria, as M. Meissner ('88) has shown, starch -grains are slowly digested from the outside, so that they appear as if gnawed (Fig. 53), and finally are completely dis- solved. Yet from the striking researches of Greenwood ('86, '87). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Verworn, Max, 1863-1921; Lee, Frederic S. (Frederic Schiller), 1859-1939. London, Macmillan and co. , limited; New York, The Macmillan company
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