. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. BULLETIN OF THE UMPiTffilOFIMlHl No. 170 Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology, L. O. Howard, Chief, February 9, 1915. THE EUROPEAN PINE-SHOOT MOTH; A SERIOUS MENACE TO PINE TIMBER IN AMERICA. By August Busck, Entomological Assistant, Forest Insect Investigations. INTRODUCTION. One of the most injurious insects to pine forests in Europe is a small orange-red moth, the larva of which eats out the new buds and kills or deforms the young twigs of pine trees, so as seriously and permanently to lower their timber value
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. BULLETIN OF THE UMPiTffilOFIMlHl No. 170 Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology, L. O. Howard, Chief, February 9, 1915. THE EUROPEAN PINE-SHOOT MOTH; A SERIOUS MENACE TO PINE TIMBER IN AMERICA. By August Busck, Entomological Assistant, Forest Insect Investigations. INTRODUCTION. One of the most injurious insects to pine forests in Europe is a small orange-red moth, the larva of which eats out the new buds and kills or deforms the young twigs of pine trees, so as seriously and permanently to lower their timber value. This European pine- shoot moth, which is known under the scientific name Evetria buoliana Schiffermiller, has within very recent years been accidently intro- duced into America on imported European pine seedlings and has unfortunately become established in several widely separated locali- ties in the eastern and middle western States. Early last summer (1914), a correspondent of the Bureau of Entomology complained of a serious insect injury to European pines under his surveillance on Long Island, and sent examples of the injury and of the larvae causing it; the latter could not be identified as those of any of our known American pine pests, and the writer was therefore authorized to visit the affected localities in order to ascertain the extent of the injury and to obtain sufficient live ma- terial for study and rearing. From this material a large number of moths emerged during the latter part of June and these were at once recognized as the famous European pine-shoot moth. Subsequent surveys, undertaken by the bureau through Mr. Carl Heinrich and the writer, established1 the fact that the species has been repeatedly introduced on European nursery stock, and that it has be- come established in nurseries and parks in several localities scattered over nine States. In view of the experience with other introduced European insects, and considering the very serious financial loss c
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