. A cladistic analysis and classification of the subgenera and genera of the large carpenter bees, tribe Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Carpenter bees. Subgenera and Genera of Carpenter Bees, Xylocopini 21 basal in the tribe. The Rln/foxylocopii is not monophyletic and is placed near the base of the Ethiopian group. Analysis 4, equal weighting.—Xylocopini is basal in the subfamily; some characters were coded as additive and others as nonadditive. Pwxylocopn is included. Eight mini- mum-length trees \vere found in this analysis ( = 302, = , = ). The changes in character
. A cladistic analysis and classification of the subgenera and genera of the large carpenter bees, tribe Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Carpenter bees. Subgenera and Genera of Carpenter Bees, Xylocopini 21 basal in the tribe. The Rln/foxylocopii is not monophyletic and is placed near the base of the Ethiopian group. Analysis 4, equal weighting.—Xylocopini is basal in the subfamily; some characters were coded as additive and others as nonadditive. Pwxylocopn is included. Eight mini- mum-length trees \vere found in this analysis ( = 302, = , = ). The changes in character coding resulted in few changes among the relationships of the ingroup. Tliis result suggests that the problems in resolu- tion found in the other analyses are not a result of polarity assessment based on the use of different outgroups. Be- cause this analysis provides little new information on re- lationships, I do not present the cladograms or consider the results in the following discussion. Analysis 4A, successive weighting.—Xylocopini is basal in the subfamily; some characters were coded as nonaddi- tive. Proxylocopa is included. This analysis produced 123 most parsimonious trees (unweighted statistics: = 324, = , = ; weighted statistics: = 364, = , = ). Results of this search are not shown for the same reasons discussed for Analysis 4 above. In summary, these data provide strong support for the monophyly of some groups among the Xylocopini, but the relationships among groups are often not strongly estab- Ushed. The monophyly of the Neoxylocopn group and the Rhysoxylocopa groups were supported in all analyses. Monophyly of the Ethiopian clade was supported in all but three islands of Analysis 3, where there were differ- ences they were among the position of the basal members of this clade. The derived members of the Ethiopian group were associated in all analyses. A number of other sub- genera not placed in the above mentio
Size: 1123px × 2225px
Photo credit: © The Book Worm / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionbiodiversity, bookcontributorharv
