. A history of the vegetable kingdom; embracing the physiology of plants, with their uses to man and the lower animals, and their application in the arts, manufactures, and domestic economy. Illus. by several hundred figures. Botany; Botany, Economic; 1855. THE PINE. 457 results of his researches were communicated to the Royal Society, in a paper published in their Transactions for 1701. The famous levels of Hatfield Chase were the largest chase of red deer that king Charles the First had in England, containing in all above 180,000 acres of land, about half of which was yearly drowned by vast
. A history of the vegetable kingdom; embracing the physiology of plants, with their uses to man and the lower animals, and their application in the arts, manufactures, and domestic economy. Illus. by several hundred figures. Botany; Botany, Economic; 1855. THE PINE. 457 results of his researches were communicated to the Royal Society, in a paper published in their Transactions for 1701. The famous levels of Hatfield Chase were the largest chase of red deer that king Charles the First had in England, containing in all above 180,000 acres of land, about half of which was yearly drowned by vast quantities of water. This being sold to one Sir Cornelius Vermuiden, a Dutchman, he at length efifectually dischased, drained, and reduced it to constant arable and pastui'e grounds, with immense labour, and at the expense of above £400,000. In the soil of all or most of these 180,000 acres of land, of which 90,000 were drained, even in the bottom of the river Ouse, and in the bottom of the adven- titious soil of all marshland, and round about by the skirts of the Lincolnshire Wolds, unto Gains- bury, Bawtry, Doncaster, Bain, Snaith, and Holden, are found vast multitudes of the roots and trunks of trees, of all sizes, great and small, and of most of the sorts which this island either formerly did, or at present does, produce; as fir, oak, birch, beech, yew, thorn, willow, ash, &c., the roots of all or most of which stand in the soil in their natural position, as thick as ever they could grow, as the trunks of most of them lie by their proper roots. Most of the large trees lie along about a yard from their roots (to which they evidently belonged, both by their situation and the sameness of the wood), with their tops commonly north-east, though, indeed, the smaller trees lie almost every way, across the former, some over, and others under them; a third part of all being pitch trees, or firs, some of which are thirty yards in length or upwards, and sold for masts and keels of
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