. Cyclopedia of textile work : a general reference library on cotton, woollen and worsted yarn manufacture, weaving, designing, chemistry and dyeing, finishing, knitting, and allied subjects . Fig. 34. Modern Low Pressure Kier. the valve E and i)roperly adjusting the 2 way valve Y and V,steam is allowed to enter A under pressure through the perfor-ated pipe (- thus causing the liquor in the kier to boil. Thisboiling is continued for about 15 minutes, when by reversing the 77 68 TEXTILE CPIEMISTRY AND DYEING. 2 way valves V and Y the steam pressure forces the liquor in Afirst through the goods,
. Cyclopedia of textile work : a general reference library on cotton, woollen and worsted yarn manufacture, weaving, designing, chemistry and dyeing, finishing, knitting, and allied subjects . Fig. 34. Modern Low Pressure Kier. the valve E and i)roperly adjusting the 2 way valve Y and V,steam is allowed to enter A under pressure through the perfor-ated pipe (- thus causing the liquor in the kier to boil. Thisboiling is continued for about 15 minutes, when by reversing the 77 68 TEXTILE CPIEMISTRY AND DYEING. 2 way valves V and Y the steam pressure forces the liquor in Afirst through the goods, and then througli the pipe D and theperforated pijje C into A. After another 15 minutes boilingthe liquor is blown back into A. This alternating process is con-tinued until the goods are sufficiently boiled, usually 5 to 7 hours,when the liquor is run off tlirough H and the cloth cooled andwashed. Barlow Kiers could only be operated economically in large. Fig. 35. Cross Sectiou of Fip. 34. bleacheries on account of the large amount of cloth required to filltwo kiers. On this account Pendlebury invented his kier. SeeFig. 37. The Pendlebury System differs from the Barlow system inthat tlie second kier is replaced by a much smaller one, whichcontains no cloth but acts only as a reservoir into which the liquorcan be forced, and tlien after the proper period returned to thekier. 78 TEXTILE CHEMISTRY AND DYEING. 69 One advantage of this first type of kier is that the cloth isdrained dry, after each period of circulation, and the returningliquor comes in contact with the hot and almost dry cloth, whichwhen in this condition is more thoroughly permeated by theliquor. On tlie other hand this system requires constant supervisionand opening and closing of valves, while automatic applianceswhich require little or no attention are much more desirable.
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