. Economic Papers. revent the drainage water from the bridge washing theearth from around the wings. Arch Culverts and Bridges: Plate XX gives the design of severalsmall arch culverts or bridges. With these structures it is imperativethat the foundation be absolutely solid. If the foundation is at allpoor it is best to use a flat top structure. The abutments are put infirst and the arch divided into circular sections and one section laid ata time. At least 28 days should be allowed for the concrete to setbefore striking the arch forms. Arch culverts are expensive to build, but they have a very
. Economic Papers. revent the drainage water from the bridge washing theearth from around the wings. Arch Culverts and Bridges: Plate XX gives the design of severalsmall arch culverts or bridges. With these structures it is imperativethat the foundation be absolutely solid. If the foundation is at allpoor it is best to use a flat top structure. The abutments are put infirst and the arch divided into circular sections and one section laid ata time. At least 28 days should be allowed for the concrete to setbefore striking the arch forms. Arch culverts are expensive to build, but they have a very pleasingappearance. Guard Rails: Either pipe or solid concrete rails may be used on theconcrete structures described. Pipe guard rails are cheap, sightly, andon the whole, satisfactory, although they require some may be supported while the concrete is being placed, as shown inPig. 11, p. 34. They should be given a thin coat of red lead and oil, fol- N. C. Geological and Economic Survey. PLATE Corrugated Metal Pipe Culverts.(Note methods of protecting ends.)
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