. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PHYLOGENY OF CLAMS WITH ZOOXANTHELLAE 73 r Spisuk L Tresus solidissima nuttali ^Vasticardium flavum \—Fulvia mutica |- JfHippopus hippopus |1 1}IW ^H 1 Hippopus porcellanus ! Tridacna gigas Tridacna derasa Tridacna crocea Tridacna maxima \ Tridacna squamosa 000 r\ Corculum cardissa 1 Fragum fragum UKI° Fragum unedo s |" Placopecten magellanicus .000 L Chlamys islandica Figure 1. A phylogenetic tree of zooxanthellate and azooxanthellale clams, calculat
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PHYLOGENY OF CLAMS WITH ZOOXANTHELLAE 73 r Spisuk L Tresus solidissima nuttali ^Vasticardium flavum \—Fulvia mutica |- JfHippopus hippopus |1 1}IW ^H 1 Hippopus porcellanus ! Tridacna gigas Tridacna derasa Tridacna crocea Tridacna maxima \ Tridacna squamosa 000 r\ Corculum cardissa 1 Fragum fragum UKI° Fragum unedo s |" Placopecten magellanicus .000 L Chlamys islandica Figure 1. A phylogenetic tree of zooxanthellate and azooxanthellale clams, calculated by the neighbor-joining method adopting the Kimuru 2-parameter model. Numbers at the nodes are the bootstrap values for the clades in 1000 replications. Box. zooxanthellate clam. Bar, substitutions per site. sequence of Symbiodinium corculorum, the symbiotic alga of Corcitlwn cardissa (accession number LI3717) as the outgroup; the results were the same as those with L. kambeul (data not shown). Clams belonging to the Pteriomorphia (Mytilus edulis in Mytilidae, and Placopec- ten magellanicus and Chlamys islandica in Pectinidae) made a clade that was clearly separated from those of the Heterodonta. In the heterodont branch, a clade including the families Tridacnidae and Cardiidae—and comprising all of the zooxanthellate clams examined, as well as two azooxanthellate clams, V. flavuin and F. mntica — was clearly separated from another clade containing two spe- cies in the family Mactridae (Spisula solidissima and Tre- at m nuttali). This clade was further resolved into three lineages: Corculum-Fragum, Vasticardium-Fulvia, and Tridacna-Hippopus. The NJ tree indicates that the zoo- xanthellate cardiids and azooxanthellate cardiids diverged before the zooxanthellate tridacnids. The bootstrap value at the node uniting the Vasticardium-Fulvia and Tri- dacna-Hippopus clades was , and that at the node uniting the Vasticardium-Fulvia-Tridacna-Hippopus and Corculum-Frag
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
