. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. THE THORAX. 97 Fig. 58. external surface of this bony ca^e. For this purpose it is divided into six regions—a superior plane, an inferior plane, tivo lateral pla7ies, a base, and a summit. Planes.—The superior plane is separated into two portions bj the spinous processes of the dorsal vertebra ; each forms, with these spinous processes, the costo-vertebral furrow, intended to lodge the majority of the muscles belonging to the spinal region of the back and loins. The inferior plane, less extensive than the preceding, off
. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. THE THORAX. 97 Fig. 58. external surface of this bony ca^e. For this purpose it is divided into six regions—a superior plane, an inferior plane, tivo lateral pla7ies, a base, and a summit. Planes.—The superior plane is separated into two portions bj the spinous processes of the dorsal vertebra ; each forms, with these spinous processes, the costo-vertebral furrow, intended to lodge the majority of the muscles belonging to the spinal region of the back and loins. The inferior plane, less extensive than the preceding, offers : 1. On the median line, the cariuiform and xiphoid cartilages of the sternum ; 2. On the sides, the chondro-sternal articulations, and the cartilages of prolongment of the true ribs. The lateral planes are con- vex and wider at their middle part than in front or behind, and exhibit the intercostal spaces. They serve to give support, anteriorly, to the superior segments of the two anterior limbs. Base.—This is circumscribed by the posterior border of the last rib, and by the cartilages of all the asternal ribs ; it is cut ouliquely downwards and for- wards, and gives attachment, by its internal circumference, to the diaphragm—a muscle which separates the thoracic from the ab- dominal cavity. Summit.—It occupies the anterior por- tion of the thorax, and presents an oval opening, elongated vertically, situated be- tween the two first ribs. This opening constitutes the entrance to the chest, and gives admission to the trachea, the oeso- phagus, and important vessels and nerves. Comparison of the Thorax of Man with THAT OF THE DOMESTICATKD AnIMALS. 1. Sternum. The sternum of Man is flattened before and behind, and diminishes in widtii from above to be- low. The xiplioid ap[)endage is narrow, and single or bifid. Besides the articular surfaces for the ribs, there are found on the upper end two lateral notches for articulation with the 2. Ribs. Of the twelve
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