. Anatomy, descriptive and applied. Anatomy. 1242 THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION The abdomen contains (Fig. 972) the greater part of the ahmentary canal; some of the accessory organs to digestion—viz., the liver and pancreas; the spleen, the kidneys, and adrenals, or suprarenal capsules. Most of these structures, as well as the wall of the cavity in which they are contained, are covered by an extensive and complicated serous membrane, the peritoneum (Fig. 1004). The Apertures in the Walls of the Abdomen.—^The apertures found in the walls of the abdomen, for the transmission of structures to or from i
. Anatomy, descriptive and applied. Anatomy. 1242 THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION The abdomen contains (Fig. 972) the greater part of the ahmentary canal; some of the accessory organs to digestion—viz., the liver and pancreas; the spleen, the kidneys, and adrenals, or suprarenal capsules. Most of these structures, as well as the wall of the cavity in which they are contained, are covered by an extensive and complicated serous membrane, the peritoneum (Fig. 1004). The Apertures in the Walls of the Abdomen.—^The apertures found in the walls of the abdomen, for the transmission of structures to or from it, are the umbilicus, for the transmission (in the fetus) of the umbilical vessels; the caval opening in the Diaphragm, for the transmission of the inferior vena cava; the aortic opening, for the passage of the aorta, vena azygos major, and thoracic duct; and the oesophageal opening, for the oesophagus and vagus nerves. Below, there are two apertures on each side, one for the passage of the femoral vessels, and the other for the transmission of the spermatic cord in the male, and the round ligament in the female. Limit i^iiiLsc^,. Fig. 973.—The regions of the abdomen and their contents. Edges of costal Regions (Fig. 973).—For convenience of description of the viscera, as well as of reference to the morbid conditions of the contained parts, the abdomen is arti- ficially divided into nine regions by imaginary planes, two horizontal and two sagittal, passing through the cavity, the edges of the planes being indicated by lines drawn on the ventral surface of the body. Of the horizontal planes, the upper or infracostal is indicated by a line encircling the body at the level of the lowest points of the tenth costal cartilages, the lower by a line carried around the trunk at the level of the summits of the iliac crests. The lower plane closely corre- sponds to the intertubercular plane passing through the trunk at the level of the prominent and easily defined tubercle on the i
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectanatomy, bookyear1913
