. Biology of New World Microtus. Rodents; Rodents; Microtus; Voles. 628 Byers. Fig. 2. Effect of wide-band cultivation and chlorophacinone (CPN) hand-placed bait on pine-vole activity. Symbols with arrows refer to time of application. Percent activity refers to percent of apples having vole tooth-marks when placed in runways 24 h previous (from Byers et al., 1976). existing vole populations and subsequent hazard to trees. However, some locations are apparently more amenable to control of voles through cultural means than others (Byers and Young, 1974, 1978; Figs. 2, 3). If regular mowing is no
. Biology of New World Microtus. Rodents; Rodents; Microtus; Voles. 628 Byers. Fig. 2. Effect of wide-band cultivation and chlorophacinone (CPN) hand-placed bait on pine-vole activity. Symbols with arrows refer to time of application. Percent activity refers to percent of apples having vole tooth-marks when placed in runways 24 h previous (from Byers et al., 1976). existing vole populations and subsequent hazard to trees. However, some locations are apparently more amenable to control of voles through cultural means than others (Byers and Young, 1974, 1978; Figs. 2, 3). If regular mowing is not practiced, voles may become abundant in row middles and may easily move under snow cover to damage tree trunks. Costs of maintaining clean culture are almost prohibitive and were determined to be as much as three times as costly as a hand- placed toxicant or broadcast-bait program (Byers, 1977(3, in press; Sullivan, 1979). Hoofed Animals Cattle, sheep, and swine have been used to a limited extent for control of pine and meadow voles in eastern orchards (Hors- fall, 1953; Woodside et al., 1942). The disadvantages usually great- ly outweigh advantages. Spray materials used in orchards may con- taminate the ground cover so that meat or milk cannot be used for human consumption. Action by hoofed animals is usually incom- plete, slow, and swine or cattle may severely damage trees. Repellents Repellents have been extensively used for rabbit, deer, and wood- chuck damage control, but seldom used for vole control. Repellents were shown to be superior to rodenticides in tank studies where rodents were confined to repellent-treated trees, including roots. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Tamarin, Robert H; American Society of Mammalogists. [Stillwater, Okla. ] : American Society of Mammalogists ;
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionbiodiversity, booksubjectrodents
