. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . HISTOLOGY. Flowering Glume and Palet. Owing to the silica in the epidermis,rice glumes cannot be readily sectioned until after they have been soaked io6 GRAIN. for some time in alkali. Maceration in Schulzcs fluid serves to isolatethe elements. I. The Outer Epidermis (Figs. 73 and 74, cp^) consists of parallellongitudinal rows of large, thick-walled cells, square in general outline,with highly characteristic, very deeply sinuous side walls. Focusing onthe outer walls, th
. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . HISTOLOGY. Flowering Glume and Palet. Owing to the silica in the epidermis,rice glumes cannot be readily sectioned until after they have been soaked io6 GRAIN. for some time in alkali. Maceration in Schulzcs fluid serves to isolatethe elements. I. The Outer Epidermis (Figs. 73 and 74, cp^) consists of parallellongitudinal rows of large, thick-walled cells, square in general outline,with highly characteristic, very deeply sinuous side walls. Focusing onthe outer walls, these side walls are seen to be compoundly sinuous. Stiff dagger-shaped hairs (/^) up to 500 /i long (usually 150-250 /x)and 40 IX in diameter at the base are scattered over the surface, being. Fig. 7V Rice. Cross section of palct and outer portion of fruit. P palct consists ofep- outer epidermis with hair, / hypodcrm fibers, p spongy parenchyma with jv bundle,and ep inner epidermis with sto stoma; /• jjcricarp consists of epi epicarp, tues mesocarp,tr cross cells, and tu tulw; cells; vS spermoderm; A j)erisperm; E endosperm consistsof al aleurone cells, also starch cells. X160, (Winton.) especially abundant and also longest on the ribs and near the walls are 5-9 // thick. 2. The ITypodcrm (/) consists of a douljle or trij)le layer of longi-tudinally-extended sclercnchyma fibers. In the outer layers, tiie fibersare strongly tliickened and often have comb-like outgrowths, wliich jointhem one with another or with the epidermis. The inner fibers are thinnerwalled and have outgrowths only on the outer sides. 3. Spongy Parenchyma (p). Two, sometimes more, layers of spongyparenchyma, through which run the bundles, form the mesopliyl. Thecells are rectangular, with thin
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