Pakistan: Muhammad Ali Jinnah (25 December 1876 - 11 September 1948), 20th century lawyer, politician, statesman and the founder of Pakistan. Photo, c. 1940s. Jinnah, popularly and officially known in Pakistan as Quaid-e-Azam (Great Leader) and Baba-e-Qaum (Father of the Nation), served as leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's independence on August 14, 1947, and as Pakistan's first Governor-General from August 15, 1947 until his death on September 11, 1948. Jinnah rose to prominence in the Indian National Congress initially expounding ideas of Hindu-Muslim unity.

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