. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. FISHES OF THE GULF OF MAINE 209 75. Chub mackerel (Pneumatophorus colias Gmelin) m Hardhead; Bullseye; Spanish mackerel Jordan and Evermann (Scomber colias), 1896-1900, p. 866. Description.—So closely does the " hardhead " (by which name it is commonly known to fishermen) resemble the common mackerel that we need mention only the points of difference. Most important of these, anatomically, is the fact that P. colias has a well-developed swim bladder connected with the esophagus
. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Fisheries -- United States; Fish-culture -- United States. FISHES OF THE GULF OF MAINE 209 75. Chub mackerel (Pneumatophorus colias Gmelin) m Hardhead; Bullseye; Spanish mackerel Jordan and Evermann (Scomber colias), 1896-1900, p. 866. Description.—So closely does the " hardhead " (by which name it is commonly known to fishermen) resemble the common mackerel that we need mention only the points of difference. Most important of these, anatomically, is the fact that P. colias has a well-developed swim bladder connected with the esophagus, which the mackerel lacks; but it is not necessary to open the fish to identify it for there is a characteristic color difference between the two, mackerel being silvery-sided below the median fine, whereas the lower sides of the hardhead—otherwise colored like the mackerel—are mottled with small dusky blotches. Less obvious differ- ences are that the dorsal fins are closer together in the hardhead and that there are only 9 to 10 spines in its first dorsal fin instead of 11 or more, as in the mackerel. Size.—This is a smaller fish than its better-known relative, growing to a length of about 8 to 14 inches only. General range.—Temperate Atlantic Ocean, north to the Gulf of St. Lawrence," and to England. It is represented in the Pacific by a close ally—Pneumatophorus Fig. 94.—Chub mackerel (Pneumalophorus colias) Occurrence in the Gulf of Maine.—Goode, et al. (1884), long ago summarized the peculiar history of the chub mackerel in our waters, which briefly is as follows: It was tremendously abundant during the last of the eighteenth century and early years of the nineteenth century and down to 1820-1830, but it practically disappeared from the United States coast some time between 1S40 and 1850. It is interesting to note, as Captain Atwood pointed out, that destructive methods of fishing had nothing to do with the case, since its disappearance ant
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