. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. 2002 McKlNSTRY AND ANDERSON: TRANSPLANTED BeAVERS IN WYOMING 61 effects of Beaver on riparian areas in Wyoming (reported in McKinstry et al. 2000; 2001), (2) assess Beaver management concerns from both private and public landmanagers (reported in McKinstry and Anderson [1999]), and (3) evaluate a Beaver reintro- duction project for the purpose of wetland creation and riparian improvement. Our objectives in this paper are to examine survival, mortality, emigration, and success of Beaver translocated in Wyoming for the purpose of riparian restora
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. 2002 McKlNSTRY AND ANDERSON: TRANSPLANTED BeAVERS IN WYOMING 61 effects of Beaver on riparian areas in Wyoming (reported in McKinstry et al. 2000; 2001), (2) assess Beaver management concerns from both private and public landmanagers (reported in McKinstry and Anderson [1999]), and (3) evaluate a Beaver reintro- duction project for the purpose of wetland creation and riparian improvement. Our objectives in this paper are to examine survival, mortality, emigration, and success of Beaver translocated in Wyoming for the purpose of riparian restoration. Study Area Beaver were trapped at 33 various locations in Wyoming (described in McKinstry and Anderson 1998) and translocated to 14 different P^-3'<^ order streams (< m/sec) throughout Wyoming (Figure 1, Table 1). All drainages were walked a minimum of 3 km in both directions from the pro- posed release site to document any past or current Beaver activity. At 13 of the release sites, old Beaver sign (20-100 yrs) was present but we found no fresh activity. At the remaining site, Breteche Creek, prior Beaver activity was not found. All release sites had sufficient vegetation to support Beaver. Four streams were ephemeral and dry in early August each year that we checked them (1993-1999), the remainder were perennial and carried water year-round (Table 1). Methods Beaver were trapped using snares and Hancock traps (McKinstry and Anderson 1998) from areas where they were causing damage to landowners (pri- marily irrigation conflicts) (30 sites) or where they were so plentiful that selective removal would not significantly impact the habitat (3 sites). All Beaver were trapped from colonies that were dam and lodge builders (creek Beaver) as opposed to bank-denning non-dam builders (river Beaver). We felt that these animals would be more likely to create the desired habitat. We began trapping after ice-off in the spring (usu- ally early to mid May) and concluded trap
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