. Cyclopedia of textile work : a general reference library on cotton, woollen and worsted yarn manufacture, weaving, designing, chemistry and dyeing, finishing, knitting, and allied subjects . rial to be dyed is entered at, or just below, 180 TEXTILE CHEMISTKY AND DYEING 171 the boil. While a few suljtliur colors may be dyed to advantage ata boil, it is customary to turn off the steam just after the dyeino;commences, and occasionally turn it on during the dyeing in orderto prevent the temperature from falling below 195^ F. In mostcases a continuous boiling is not recommended. With some dyes(Im
. Cyclopedia of textile work : a general reference library on cotton, woollen and worsted yarn manufacture, weaving, designing, chemistry and dyeing, finishing, knitting, and allied subjects . rial to be dyed is entered at, or just below, 180 TEXTILE CHEMISTKY AND DYEING 171 the boil. While a few suljtliur colors may be dyed to advantage ata boil, it is customary to turn off the steam just after the dyeino;commences, and occasionally turn it on during the dyeing in orderto prevent the temperature from falling below 195^ F. In mostcases a continuous boiling is not recommended. With some dyes(Immedial sky blue, for instance) a lower temperature is dyeing is usually continued for one hour, but this time maybe reduced for lioht shades. Although not absolutely necessary, with the majority of thesulphur colors, it is advisable to keep the material below the surfaceof the dye liquor as much as possible, A continued contact withthe air causes a precipitation of the free coloring matter whichmay result in unevenness and bronzy dyeings. Immediate wrino-ino- and rinsino- is essential in most cases forthe attainment of the l»est results, and in u;eneral the nu»re thor-. Fig. 61. Kitsoii Dryer. oughly and evenly the material is wrung and rinsed after dyeing,the greater will be the fastness to rubbing, and the less the liabilityof unevenness. It is economical to return the first rinse water,which contains a relatively large amount of dyestuff, to the dyebath or to use it in dissolving the next lot of dyestuff. Shouldthe shade produced be too deep, it may be partially stripped byworkincf for a few minutes in a hot bath of sodium sulphide. As with the direct cotton colors, the dye bath does not becomeexhausted, and a standing bath is used whenever ])Ossible. As arule, the proportion of ingredients may be reduced as follows: P^IRST BATH. SECOND BATH. THIRD AND FOLLOWING. 5 to 6% 10 to 12%2 to 3% Dyestufl 10% 8odium Sulphide.,. 30%Sodium 10% Salt. 50% 7X%
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