The hygiene of transmissible diseases; their causation, modes of dissemination, and methods of prevention . or lumpy jaw, and wooden tongue. It attacks cattle of allages, and is usually considered to be incurable. In man actinomycosis is a rare When occurringit is most frequently seen as a of the lower jaw. Thetumor rarely begins in the bone itself, but usually at itsperiphery, manifesting itself as a lum]) in the submaxillary,submental, or pretracheal region. Metastases from the pri-mary growth are not uncommon. The disease may occur inthe lungs, from inhalation of the fung
The hygiene of transmissible diseases; their causation, modes of dissemination, and methods of prevention . or lumpy jaw, and wooden tongue. It attacks cattle of allages, and is usually considered to be incurable. In man actinomycosis is a rare When occurringit is most frequently seen as a of the lower jaw. Thetumor rarely begins in the bone itself, but usually at itsperiphery, manifesting itself as a lum]) in the submaxillary,submental, or pretracheal region. Metastases from the pri-mary growth are not uncommon. The disease may occur inthe lungs, from inhalation of the fungus, resulting in pneu-monic patches, suppuration, hemorrhage, and cavity-forma-tion. The sputum of such cases contains the fungus. Clin- A C TINOM YCOSIS. 17 3 ically, and in certain anatomical features, these cases are verysuggestive of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. Invasion of the intestinal tract may also occur in man. Inthis expression of the disease small nodules of about the sizeof a pea are seen in the mucous membrane and submucoustissues of the gut. These soften, ulcerate, and either heal or,. Fig. 21.—Actinomyces fungus ( ray fungus) ; left, as seen in tissues under lowmagnifying power ; right, a fungus mass examined fresh under higher mag-nifying power. as is more commonly the case, perforate into the peritoneum,bladder, or through the abdominal wall. Dissemination, Portals of Infection.—There is nopositive evidence that the disease is transmitted from animalto animal, or from animal to man, or vice versa. It seemsprobable that both man and animals receive the virus fromthe same external source. The belief is that the fungus is a parasite upon certaincereals, and that it gains access to the animal throughwounds of the buccal mucous membranes, through abrasionsof the skin, or by way of carious teeth. Barley is the grainthat is viewed with most suspicion. Infection occurs mostfrequently, in all probability, during feeding, though somebelieve it to occur occasional
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