. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. 2001 Beyer, Roell, Hammill, and Earle: Lynx in Peninsula of Michigan 239 A/ Furbearer Track Count Survey Wolf Track Count Survey. Figure 3. Map of Michigan's Upper Peninsula showing roads and trails surveyed for Gray Wolves in 1999 and furbearers in 1998. No Canada Lynx tracks were observed in wolf surveys (1994—1999) or furbearer surveys (1997-1998). Upper Peninsula. This suggests it is very unlikely for an individual lynx, let alone a population, to com- pletely occur in an area that receives low human visi- tation. In addition to formal surv
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. 2001 Beyer, Roell, Hammill, and Earle: Lynx in Peninsula of Michigan 239 A/ Furbearer Track Count Survey Wolf Track Count Survey. Figure 3. Map of Michigan's Upper Peninsula showing roads and trails surveyed for Gray Wolves in 1999 and furbearers in 1998. No Canada Lynx tracks were observed in wolf surveys (1994—1999) or furbearer surveys (1997-1998). Upper Peninsula. This suggests it is very unlikely for an individual lynx, let alone a population, to com- pletely occur in an area that receives low human visi- tation. In addition to formal surveys, natural resource professionals, hunters, trappers, and other recreation- ists spend a considerable amount of time in all areas of the Upper Peninsula. This results in observations of other rare predators. For example, a substantial number of citizen observations of Gray Wolves (> 50) were reported even when the wolf population numbered fewer than 25 animals (Michigan Department of Natural Resources, unpublished data). Except for the 1960s, there were six or fewer obser- vations of lynx occurrence per decade. The increase in occurrences in the 1960s was associated with an unusually large population irruption in Canada (Theil 1987; McKelvey et al. 1999a). McKelvey et al. (1999a), like Theil (1987), con- cluded that recent lynx dynamics in the Great Lakes States appears to be related to immigration from Canada. In addition, McKelvey et al. (1999a) looked for a lynx population response to large increases in Snowshoe Hare populations throughout the Great Lakes Region. They reasoned that a resident popula- tion should have responded to the periodic increases in the number of hares. No association between lynx occurrence data and Snowshoe Hare population indices was found. Similarly, there is no association between lynx occurrences and a Snowshoe Hare pop- ulation index in the Upper Peninsula (Michigan Department of Natural Resources, unpublished data). While McKelvey et al.
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